Does the timing of breast cancer surgery in pre-menopausal women affect clinical outcome? : an update

There is some evidence that breast cancer surgery during the luteal phase in pre-menopausal women is associated with a better clinical outcome, however the evidence for this is still equivocal.In this paper, after summarizing the normal physiology of the menstrual cycle, we examine how such an association may occur and provide a comprehensive review of the literature in the area.     

Agrotis segetum granulosis virus as a control agent against field populations ofAgrotis ipsilon andA. Segetum [Lep.: Noctuidae] on tobacco,okra, potato and sugar beet in northern pakistan

Agrotis segetum Schiff granulosis virus (AsGV) propagated in Denmark was supplied against naturally occurring cutworm populations (A. ipsilon and to a less extentA. segetum) in experimental field plots of tobacco, okra, potato and sugar beet in northern Pakistan. AsGV doses varied between 4 × 10⁷ and 4 × 10¹¹ capsules per m² plot, and no. of applications between 1 and 3. One treatment with AsGV did not reduce cutworm damage significantly to tobacco seedlings and potato plants. Two treatments with AsGV reduced cutworm damage significantly. In tobacco, reduction was 64–82%, in okra and potato 85% and 77% respectively. Damage in sugar beet was reduced 78%. Three treatments with AsGV dis not reduce damage significantly better than two treatments. AsGV and the chemical insecticides Tamaran and Dieldrin, andBacillus thuringiensis (Thuricide) were about equally effective, reducing damage by 85%, 79%, 87% and 69%, respectively. No difference was found between the efficiency of highly purified AsGV to which activated charcoal was added and partially purified AsGV without charcoal.      

Chemical Changes Associated with the Breaking of the Rest Period in Vegetative Buds of Pyrus communis

Buds of heat and cold treated shoots were examined for their soluble and insoluble nitrogen, lipid-P, ester-P, RNA-P, DNA-P, phosphoprotein-P, inorgnnic-P. and total-P contents. Results indicated a direct relationship of bud growth with insoluble-N, ester-P and RNA-P concentrations. Decrease in phosphoprotein-P was found to be concomitant with increase in RNA-P. Various postulates have been considered in the light of the present results and those of others. A pathway of action in budrest break has been proposed which assumes that rest-breaking treatments cause liberation of DNA from a DNA-phosphoprotein-complex, which latter determines the resting slate. The freed DNA then acts as a template for RNA synthesis. This increased RNA synthesis coupled with increased ATP content (inferred from ester-P levels) induce protein synthesis (inferred from insoluble-N) and bud rest is broken.