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Saurabh Dixit Dieudonné R. Baganizi Rajnish Sahu Ejowke Dosunmu Atul Chaudhari Komal Vig Shreekumar R. Pillai Shree R. Singh Vida A. Dennis 《Journal of biological engineering》2017,11(1):49
The repair or replacement of damaged skins is still an important, challenging public health problem. Immune acceptance and long-term survival of skin grafts represent the major problem to overcome in grafting given that in most situations autografts cannot be used. The emergence of artificial skin substitutes provides alternative treatment with the capacity to reduce the dependency on the increasing demand of cadaver skin grafts. Over the years, considerable research efforts have focused on strategies for skin repair or permanent skin graft transplantations. Available skin substitutes include pre- or post-transplantation treatments of donor cells, stem cell-based therapies, and skin equivalents composed of bio-engineered acellular or cellular skin substitutes. However, skin substitutes are still prone to immunological rejection, and as such, there is currently no skin substitute available to overcome this phenomenon. This review focuses on the mechanisms of skin rejection and tolerance induction and outlines in detail current available strategies and alternatives that may allow achieving full-thickness skin replacement and repair. 相似文献
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Atul A. Chaudhari Jae-Won Seol You-Jin Lee Sang-Youel Park 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,381(4):513-517
The present study investigates the effect of low oxygen concentrations on thapsigargin-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related signaling in articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were obtained from normal canine knee cartilage and were treated with different concentrations of thapsigargin for 24 h under normoxic (21% oxygen tension) or hypoxic (1% oxygen tension) conditions. The cells treated with thapsigargin under normoxic conditions showed a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis. However, the cellular changes and apoptotic events that occurred following thapsigargin treatment, were completely inhibited by hypoxia, including loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation. Moreover, the cells exposed to hypoxic conditions showed increased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins xIAP-2 and Bcl-2. We demonstrate that hypoxia inhibited thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes by regulating ROS-related signaling and the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. We propose that maintaining hypoxic conditions in articular cartilage may be required for the prevention of chondrocyte and cartilage diseases such as arthritis. 相似文献
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A. Pavan-Kumar P. Gireesh-Babu P. P. Suresh Babu A. K. Jaiswar V. Hari Krishna K. Pani Prasasd Aparna Chaudhari S. G. Raje S. K. Chakraborty Gopal Krishna W. S. Lakra 《Molecular biology reports》2014,41(1):447-457
The elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates) being the extant survivors of one of the earliest offshoots of the vertebrate evolutionary tree are good model organisms to study the primitive vertebrate conditions. They play a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance and have high economic value. Due to over-exploitation and illegal fishing worldwide, the elasmobranch stocks are being decimated at an alarming rate. Appropriate management measures are necessary for restoring depleted elasmobranch stocks. One approach for restoring stocks is implementation of conservation measures and these measures can be formulated effectively by knowing the evolutionary relationship among the elasmobranchs. In this study, a total of 30 species were chosen for molecular phylogeny studies using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 12S ribosomal RNA gene and nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 2. Among different genes, the combined dataset of COI and 12S rRNA resulted in a well resolved tree topology with significant bootstrap/posterior probabilities values. The results supported the reciprocal monophyly of sharks and batoids. Within Galeomorphii, Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks) formed as a sister group to Lamniformes (mackerel sharks): Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks) and to Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks). Within batoids, the Myliobatiformes formed a monophyly group while Pristiformes (sawfishes) and Rhinobatiformes (guitar fishes) formed a sister group to all other batoids. 相似文献
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a prospective model system for understanding molecular mechanisms associated with DNA repair in plants and algae. To explore this possibility, we have developed an in vitro repair system from C. reinhardtii cell-free extracts that can efficiently repair UVC damage (Thymine-dimers) in the DNA. We observed that excision repair (ER) synthesis based nucleotide incorporation, specifically in UVC damaged supercoiled (SC) DNA, was followed by ligation of nicks. Photoreactivation efficiently competed out the ER in the presence of light. In addition, repair efficiency in cell-free extracts from ER deficient strains was several fold lower than that of wild-type cell extract. Interestingly, the inhibitor profile of repair DNA polymerase involved in C. reinhardtii in vitro ER system was akin to animal rather than plant DNA polymerase. The methodology to prepare repair competent cell-free extracts described in the current study can aid further molecular characterization of ER pathway in C. reinhardtii. 相似文献
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Sierra Phillips Megan Lameka Christopher Beaumont Nileshkumar Chaudhari Jared Halstrom James Rush Jones Nicholas A. Andrews Ashish Shah 《The Iowa orthopaedic journal》2022,42(1):207
BackgroundIntra-articular injections are a standard therapy and diagnostic tool for a variety of wrist conditions. Accurate needle placement is crucial for proper therapeutic benefit and prevention of complications. While some studies claim accurate needle placement requires imaging, others conclude that anatomical guidance is sufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of intra-articular wrist needle placement with the ulnocarpal approach across differing levels of training using clinical anatomy alone.MethodsFourteen fresh-frozen, above-elbow cadaveric specimens were used. Intra-articular needle placement into the wrist via an ulnocarpal approach was attempted by nine study participants: two interns, two junior-level residents, two senior-level residents, two hand fellows, and one attending hand surgeon. Each injection was performed based on clinical examination and landmarks alone. The number of attempts and total time taken for each injection was recorded.ResultsOverall success rate was 71%, (89 of 126 attempts) and did not vary significantly across levels of training. Average time for needle placement among all participants was 10.9 ± 6.5 seconds. Timing of successful intra-articular needle placement (10.4 ± 5.2 seconds) significantly differed between levels. However, timing did not trend in any direction with more or less training. No significant difference was noted in total attempts or attempts with successful outcomes when comparing level of training.ConclusionThe ulnocarpal approach is a viable option for injection or aspiration of the wrist without image guidance. We were unable to show any relevant trends with timing or number of attempts in comparison to level of training. Level of Evidence: V 相似文献
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Yu Tao Sarika Chaudhari Parisa Yazdizadeh Shotorbani Yanfeng Ding Zhenglan Chen Ramesh Kasetti Gulab Zode Rong Ma 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(6)
Podocyte injury induced by hyperglycemia is the main cause of kidney dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regulates a diversity of cellular processes in a variety of cell types. Calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, was recently shown to be involved in podocyte injury. In the present study, we sought to determine whether increased SOCE contributed to high glucose (HG)–induced podocyte injury through activation of the calpain pathway. In cultured human podocytes, whole-cell patch clamp indicated the presence of functional store-operated Ca2+ channels, which are composed of Orai1 proteins and mediate SOCE. Western blots showed that HG treatment increased the protein abundance of Orai1 in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, calcium imaging experiments revealed that SOCE was significantly enhanced in podocytes following HG treatment. Furthermore, HG treatment caused overt podocyte F-actin disorganization as well as a significant decrease in nephrin protein abundance, both of which are indications of podocyte injury. These podocyte injury responses were significantly blunted by both pharmacological inhibition of Orai1 using the small molecule inhibitor BTP2 or by genetic deletion of Orai1 using CRISPR-Cas9 lentivirus. Moreover, activation of SOCE by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca2+ pump on the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, significantly increased the activity of calpain, which was inhibited by BTP2. Finally, the calpain-1/calpain-2 inhibitor calpeptin significantly blunted the nephrin protein reduction induced by HG treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced signaling via an Orai1/SOCE/Calpain axis contributes to HG-induced podocyte injury. 相似文献
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