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991.
Infliximab concentration monitoring improves the control of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
Denis Mulleman Jean-Camille Méric Gilles Paintaud Emilie Ducourau Charlotte Magdelaine-Beuzelin Jean-Pierre Valat Philippe Goupille 《Arthritis research & therapy》2009,11(6):R178-6
Introduction
Adjustment of infliximab dosage for individuals may be useful in improving therapeutic response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we aimed to determine whether measurement of infliximab serum concentration modifies the therapeutic decision and improves the control of disease activity. 相似文献992.
993.
Charlotte Stevenson Laure S. Katz Fiorenza Micheli Barbara Block Kimberly W. Heiman Chris Perle Kevin Weng Robert Dunbar Jan Witting 《Coral reefs (Online)》2007,26(1):47-51
On coral reefs in Palmyra—a central Pacific atoll with limited fishing pressure—total fish biomass was 428 and 299% greater
than on reefs in nearby Christmas and Fanning Islands. Large apex predators, groupers, sharks, snappers, and jacks larger
than 50 cm in length, accounted for 56% of total fish biomass in Palmyra on average, but only 7 and 3% on Christmas and Fanning.
These biomass proportions are remarkably similar to those previously reported for the remote and uninhabited Northwest Hawaiian
Islands (NWHI) and densely populated Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), although Palmyra’s reefs are dominated in biomass by sharks
(44% of the total), whereas the NWHI by jacks (39%). Herbivorous fish biomass was also greater on Palmyra than on Christmas
and Fanning (343 and 207%, respectively). These results and previous findings indicate that remote, uninhabited islands support
high levels of consumers, and highlight the importance of healthy coral reef ecosystems as reference points for assessment
of human impacts and establishment of restoration goals. 相似文献
994.
David M. Kaetzel Irene Y. Fu Mark P. Christiansen Charlotte S. Kaetzel Joseph H. Soares Phillip W. Lambert 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1984,797(3):312-319
A single protein band of molecular weight 110 000 has been obtained after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-(OH)2D-3) receptor from crude nuclear extracts of chick intestinal mucosa, prepared in the presence of the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and ?-aminocaproic acid. The nuclear extract was subjected to a six-step purification scheme, involving polymin P and ammonium sulfate fractionation, DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, blue dextran-Sepharose and a final DNA-cellulose chromatographic step. The receptor was obtained in about 1% yield and was purified approx. 3700-fold from the nuclear extract, as assessed by specific activity. Single peaks were observed with 3H-1,25-(OH)2D-3-labeled crude nuclear extracts on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration () and sucrose density gradient centrifugation (3.5 S). Although the identity of the Mr 110 000 protein will remain inconclusive until methods for further characterization are available, it may represent evidence for a higher molecular weight form of the 1,25-(OH)2D-3 receptor than that observed previously. 相似文献
995.
Fariba Ahmadizar N. Charlotte Onland-Moret Anthonius de Boer Geoffrey Liu Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Aim
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the adjuvant cancer therapy setting within different subset of patients.Methods & Design/ Results
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical trials.gov databases were searched for English language studies of randomized controlled trials comparing bevacizumab and adjuvant therapy with adjuvant therapy alone published from January 1966 to 7th of May 2014. Progression free survival, overall survival, overall response rate, safety and quality of life were analyzed using random- or fixed-effects models according to the PRISMA guidelines. We obtained data from 44 randomized controlled trials (30,828 patients). Combining bevacizumab with different adjuvant therapies resulted in significant improvement of progression free survival (log hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–0.89), overall survival (log hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.98) and overall response rate (relative risk, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.33–1.59) compared to adjuvant therapy alone in all studied tumor types. In subgroup analyses, there were no interactions of bevacizumab with baseline characteristics on progression free survival and overall survival, while overall response rate was influenced by tumor type and bevacizumab dose (p-value: 0.02). Although bevacizumab use resulted in additional expected adverse drug reactions except anemia and fatigue, it was not associated with a significant decline in quality of life. There was a trend towards a higher risk of several side effects in patients treated by high-dose bevacizumab compared to the low-dose e.g. all grade proteinuria (9.24; 95% CI: 6.60–12.94 vs. 2.64; 95% CI: 1.29–5.40).Conclusions
Combining bevacizumab with different adjuvant therapies provides a survival benefit across all major subsets of patients, including by tumor type, type of adjuvant therapy, and duration and dose of bevacizumab therapy. Though bevacizumab was associated with increased risks of some adverse drug reactions such as hypertension and bleeding, anemia and fatigue were improved by the addition of bevacizumab. 相似文献996.
Moving in a group while avoiding collisions with group members causes internal dynamics in the group. Although these dynamics have recently been measured quantitatively in starling flocks (Sturnus vulgaris), it is unknown what causes them. Computational models have shown that collective motion in groups is likely due to attraction, avoidance and, possibly, alignment among group members. Empirical studies show that starlings adjust their movement to a fixed number of closest neighbours or topological range, namely 6 or 7 and assume that each of the three activities is done with the same number of neighbours (topological range). Here, we start from the hypothesis that escape behavior is more effective at preventing collisions in a flock when avoiding the single closest neighbor than compromising by avoiding 6 or 7 of them. For alignment and attraction, we keep to the empirical topological range. We investigate how avoiding one or several neighbours affects the internal dynamics of flocks of starlings in our computational model StarDisplay. By comparing to empirical data, we confirm that internal dynamics resemble empirical data more closely if flock members avoid merely their single, closest neighbor. Our model shows that considering a different number of interaction partners per activity represents a useful perspective and that changing a single parameter, namely the number of interaction partners that are avoided, has several effects through selforganisation. 相似文献
997.
Rémy Liechti Angélique D. Ducray Pia Jensen Stefano Di Santo Stefanie Seiler Charlotte H. Jensen Morten Meyer Hans Rudolf Widmer 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
Fetal antigen 1/delta-like 1 homologue (FA1/dlk1) belongs to the epidermal growth factor superfamily and is considered to be a non-canonical ligand for the Notch receptor. Interactions between Notch and its ligands are crucial for the development of various tissues. Moreover, FA1/dlk1 has been suggested as a potential supplementary marker of dopaminergic neurons. The present study aimed at investigating the distribution of FA1/dlk1-immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the early postnatal and adult midbrain as well as in the nigrostriatal system of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian adult rats. FA1/dlk1-ir cells were predominantly distributed in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNc) and in the ventral tegmental area. Interestingly, the expression of FA1/dlk1 significantly increased in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir cells during early postnatal development. Co-localization and tracing studies demonstrated that FA1/dlk1-ir cells in the SNc were nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesions resulted in loss of both FA1/dlk1-ir and TH-ir cells in the SNc. Surprisingly, increased numbers of FA1/dlk1-ir cells (by 70%) were detected in dopamine-depleted striata as compared to unlesioned controls. The higher number of FA1/dlk1-ir cells was likely not due to neurogenesis as colocalization studies for proliferation markers were negative. This suggests that FA1/dlk1 was up-regulated in intrinsic cells in response to the 6-OHDA-mediated loss of FA1/dlk1-expressing SNc dopaminergic neurons and/or due to the stab wound. Our findings hint to a significant role of FA1/dlk1 in the SNc during early postnatal development. The differential expression of FA1/dlk1 in the SNc and the striatum of dopamine-depleted rats could indicate a potential involvement of FA1/dlk1 in the cellular response to the degenerative processes. 相似文献
998.
Carol Dayo Obure Sedona Sweeney Vanessa Darsamo Christine Michaels-Igbokwe Lorna Guinness Fern Terris-Prestholt Esther Muketo Zelda Nhlabatsi Integra Initiative Charlotte E. Warren Susannah Mayhew Charlotte Watts Anna Vassall 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Objective
To present evidence on the total costs and unit costs of delivering six integrated sexual reproductive health and HIV services in a high and medium HIV prevalence setting, in order to support policy makers and planners scaling up these essential services.Design
A retrospective facility based costing study conducted in 40 non-government organization and public health facilities in Kenya and Swaziland.Methods
Economic and financial costs were collected retrospectively for the year 2010/11, from each study site with an aim to estimate the cost per visit of six integrated HIV and SRH services. A full cost analysis using a combination of bottom-up and step-down costing methods was conducted from the health provider’s perspective. The main unit of analysis is the economic unit cost per visit for each service. Costs are converted to 2013 International dollars.Results
The mean cost per visit for the HIV/SRH services ranged from $Int 14.23 (PNC visit) to $Int 74.21 (HIV treatment visit). We found considerable variation in the unit costs per visit across settings with family planning services exhibiting the least variation ($Int 6.71-52.24) and STI treatment and HIV treatment visits exhibiting the highest variation in unit cost ranging from ($Int 5.44-281.85) and ($Int 0.83-314.95), respectively. Unit costs of visits were driven by fixed costs while variability in visit costs across facilities was explained mainly by technology used and service maturity.Conclusion
For all services, variability in unit costs and cost components suggest that potential exists to reduce costs through better use of both human and capital resources, despite the high proportion of expenditure on drugs and medical supplies. Further work is required to explore the key drivers of efficiency and interventions that may facilitate efficiency improvements. 相似文献999.
Alexander W. Gofton Stephen Doggett Andrew Ratchford Charlotte L. Oskam Andrea Paparini Una Ryan Peter Irwin 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
In Australia, a conclusive aetiology of Lyme disease-like illness in human patients remains elusive, despite growing numbers of people presenting with symptoms attributed to tick bites. In the present study, we surveyed the microbial communities harboured by human-biting ticks from across Australia to identify bacteria that may contribute to this syndrome. Universal PCR primers were used to amplify the V1-2 hyper-variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in DNA samples from individual Ixodes holocyclus (n = 279), Amblyomma triguttatum (n = 167), Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n = 7), and H. longicornis (n = 7) ticks. The 16S amplicons were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed in USEARCH, QIIME, and BLAST to assign genus and species-level taxonomies. Nested PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the NGS data and further analyse novel findings. All 460 ticks were negative for Borrelia spp. by both NGS and nested PCR analysis. Two novel “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” spp. were identified in 12.9% of I. holocyclus ticks. A novel Anaplasma sp. was identified in 1.8% of A. triguttatum ticks, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. was identified in both A. triguttatum (1.2%) ticks and a single I. holocyclus (0.6%) tick. Further phylogenetic analysis of novel “Ca. Neoehrlichia”, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia based on 1,265 bp 16S rRNA gene sequences suggests that these are new species. Determining whether these newly discovered organisms cause disease in humans and animals, like closely related bacteria do abroad, is of public health importance and requires further investigation. 相似文献
1000.
Stuart J. H. Biddle Charlotte L. Edwardson Emma G. Wilmot Thomas Yates Trish Gorely Danielle H. Bodicoat Nuzhat Ashra Kamlesh Khunti Myra A. Nimmo Melanie J. Davies 《PloS one》2015,10(12)