排序方式: 共有183条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Mladinich KM Piaskowski SM Rudersdorf R Eernisse CM Weisgrau KL Martins MA Furlott JR Partidos CD Brewoo JN Osorio JE Wilson NA Rakasz EG Watkins DI 《Immunogenetics》2012,64(2):111-121
Every year, Dengue virus (DENV) infects approximately 100 million people. There are currently several vaccines undergoing clinical studies, but most target the induction of neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, DENV infection can be enhanced by subneutralizing levels of antibodies that bind virions and deliver them to cells of the myeloid lineage, thereby increasing viral replication (termed antibody-dependent enhancement [ADE]). T lymphocyte-based vaccines may offer an alternative that avoids ADE. The goal of our study was to describe the cellular immune response generated after primary DENV infection in Indian rhesus macaques. We infected eight rhesus macaques with 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) of DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) New Guinea C (NGC) strain, and monitored viral load and the cellular immune response to the virus. Viral replication peaked at day 4 post-infection and was resolved by day 10. DENV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes targeted nonstructural (NS) 1, NS3 and NS5 proteins after resolution of peak viremia. DENV-specific CD4+ cells expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β). In comparison, DENV-specific CD8+ cells expressed IFN-γ in addition to MIP-1β and TNF-α and were positive for the degranulation marker CD107a. Interestingly, a fraction of the DENV-specific CD4+ cells also stained for CD107a, suggesting that they might be cytotoxic. Our results provide a more complete understanding of the cellular immune response during DENV infection in rhesus macaques and contribute to the development of rhesus macaques as an animal model for DENV vaccine and pathogenicity studies. 相似文献
92.
Mangou A Grammatikopoulou MG Mirkopoulou D Sailer N Kotzamanidis C Tsigga M 《Endocrinología y nutrición》2012,59(2):109-116
ObjectivePatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) demonstrate low dietary adherence and this is further aggravated with comorbid obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess diet quality in patients with T2DM and comorbid obesity compared to patients with T2DM alone and to examine the associations between comorbidities and diet quality.MethodsThe sample consisted of 59 adult patients with diabesity (T2DM and comorbid obesity) and 94 patients with T2DM alone. All diabetes comorbidities and complications were recorded and diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).ResultsMean raw HEI of the diabese subjects was 81.9 ± 7.1 and the diabetic subjects was 80.2 ± 6.9. When HEI was adjusted to the sex, age and weight status, the diabese demonstrated a higher HEI. Among comorbidities, only renal disease decreased HEI. According to the principal component analysis of the total sample, adequate diet quality was explained by cardiovascular disease, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, peptic ulcer, sex, diabesity and diabetic foot syndrome. In the diabese, adequate HEI was explained by diabetic foot syndrome, smoking, drinking alcohol and having a family history of diabetes.ConclusionsAdult patients with T2DM demonstrate adequate diet quality. Different factors are associated with the adoption of a high quality diet between the diabese and the T2DM alone. 相似文献
93.
RD Abeles MJ McPhail D Sowter CG Antoniades N Vergis GK Vijay E Xystrakis W Khamri DL Shawcross Y Ma JA Wendon D Vergani 《Cytometry. Part A》2012,81(10):823-834
Changes in monocytes and their subsets (CD14(hi) /CD16(neg) , CD14(hi) /CD16(pos) and CD14(lo) /CD16(pos) ) have been described in several diseases. The combination of CD14, CD16 and HLA-DR has been suggested to discriminate monocytes from the CD16(pos) /HLA-DR(neg) NK-cells and neutrophils but no data exist whether this strategy can be used in situations when monocyte HLA-DR expression is pathologically reduced. Monocytes and their subsets were concurrently identified through negative (exclusion of CD66b(pos) neutrophils, CD56(pos) NKcells, CD19(pos) B-cells, and CD3(pos) T-cells) and positive gating (inclusion of monocytes by expression of CD14, CD16, and HLA-DR) strategies on 30 occasions [9 healthy controls (HC) and 21 patients with conditions associated with low monocyte HLA-DR expression]. Bland-Altman and Passing and Bablok regression statistics did not demonstrate any significant measurement bias between the two strategies of monocyte identification. Monocyte subset phenotype was then compared in 18 HC and 41 patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Compared with HC, in ALF, the percentage of CD14(hi) /CD16(pos) monocytes was higher (7% vs 4%) whilst the percentage of CD14(lo) /CD16(pos) was lower (1.9% vs. 7%) (P ≤ 0.001); HLA-DR and CD86 MFIs on all monocyte subsets were lower, whilst CCR5, CD64, and CD11b MFIs were higher (P < 0.05). The relative expression by monocyte subsets of HLA-DR, CCR2, CCR5, CX3CR1, and CD11a was similar in ALF patients and HCs. Repeat analysis of an identical antibody-fluorochrome "backbone" targeting HLA-DR, CD14, and CD16 was assessed in 189 samples across 5 different experiments. There was excellent agreement in the results obtained using the positive gating strategy (interclass correlation coefficients > 0.8). Monocytes and their subsets can be reliably identified using an antibody-fluorochrome "backbone" of HLA-DR, CD14, and CD16. CD16(pos) monocytes continue to constitutively express HLA-DR even in conditions where HLA-DR is pathologically reduced on CD14(hi) /CD16(neg) monocytes. Understanding the changes in monocyte pheontype in ALF and similar clinico-pathological diseases may allow the development of novel biomarkers or therapeutic strategies. ? 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. 相似文献
94.
C Tsagogiorgas J Wedel M Hottenrott MO Schneider U Binzen W Greffrath RD Treede B Theisinger S Theisinger R Waldherr BK Krämer M Thiel P Schnuelle BA Yard S Hoeger 《PloS one》2012,7(8):e43525
Since stimulation of transient receptor potential channels of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) mitigates acute kidney injury (AKI) and endogenous N-acyl dopamine derivatives are able to activate TRPV1, we tested if synthetic N-octanoyl-dopamine (NOD) activates TRPV1 and if it improves AKI. These properties of NOD and its intrinsic anti-inflammatory character were compared with those of dopamine (DA). TRPV1 activation and anti-inflammatory properties of NOD and DA were tested using primary cell cultures in vitro. The influence of NOD and DA on AKI was tested in a prospective, randomized, controlled animal study with 42 inbred male Lewis rats (LEW, RT1), treated intravenously with equimolar concentrations of DA or NOD one hour before the onset of warm ischemia and immediately before clamp release. NOD, but not DA, activates TRPV1 channels in isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) that innervate several tissues including kidney. In TNFα stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells, inhibition of NFκB and subsequent inhibition of VCAM1 expression by NOD was significantly stronger than by DA. NOD improved renal function compared to DA and saline controls. Histology revealed protective effects of NOD on tubular epithelium at day 5 and a reduced number of monocytes in renal tissue of DA and NOD treated rats. Our data demonstrate that NOD but not DA activates TRPV1 and that NOD has superior anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Although NOD mitigates deterioration in renal function after AKI, further studies are required to assess to what extend this is causally related to TRPV1 activation and/or desensitization. 相似文献
95.
Multiple origins of dendroid shrubs in the eastern Mediterranean Euphorbia hierosolymitana group (Euphorbiaceae) with description of a new species,Euphorbia lemesiana,from Cyprus
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Ralf Hand Georgios N. Hadjikyriakou Charalambos S. Christodoulou Boo Frajman 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2015,179(2):295-307
The leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula, have one of their diversity centres in the Mediterranean, which is considered to be one of the 25 biodiversity hot‐spots. The eastern Mediterranean, in particular, is characterized by its high species richness and is therefore considered to be a cradle for lineage diversification. However, the area remains neglected in phylogenetic studies. Using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid trnT‐trnF sequences, we explored the phylogenetic relationships in the predominantly eastern Mediterranean E. hierosolymitana group, which is characterized by a woody habit. The widespread shrublets E. acanthothamnos, E. glabriflora and E. spinosa, which are similar in habit, are not most closely related, the last two forming a sister clade to other taxa. From the E. acanthothamnos alliance, dendroid shrubs evolved at least two, but possibly four, times, giving rise to widespread E. bivonae and E. hierosolymitana, the Cretan endemic E. sultan‐hassei and the here newly described and genetically most divergent E . lemesiana , endemic to Cyprus. We provide a taxonomic treatment and morphological comparison with the similar, but not most closely related, E. hierosolymitana. Our study underlines the phytogeographical peculiarity of Cyprus and contributes to our current knowledge on the diversification patterns in the eastern Mediterranean. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179 , 295–307. 相似文献
96.
Helen Ayles Albertus Schaap Amos Nota Charalambos Sismanidis Ruth Tembwe Petra De Haas Monde Muyoyeta Nulda Beyers Peter Godfrey-Faussett for the ZAMSTAR Study Team 《PloS one》2009,4(5)
Background
The Stop TB Partnership target for tuberculosis is to have reduced the prevalence of tuberculosis by 50% comparing 2015 to 1990. This target is challenging as few prevalence surveys have been conducted, especially in high burden tuberculosis and HIV countries. Current tuberculosis control strategies in high HIV prevalent settings are therefore based on limited epidemiological evidence and more evidence is needed from community-based surveys to inform improved policy formulation.Methods and Findings
8044 adults were sampled from 2 sub-districts (wards) in Lusaka province, Zambia. Questionnaires were used to screen for symptoms, respiratory samples were obtained for culture and oral secretions collected for HIV testing. 79 individuals were found to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their sputum, giving an adjusted overall prevalence of tuberculosis of 870/100,000 (95% CI 570–1160/100,000). The adjusted overall prevalence of HIV was 28.61% (95% CI 26.04–31.19). HIV- infection was significantly associated with prevalent tuberculosis (Adj OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.42–3.74) and the population attributable fraction of HIV for prevalent tuberculosis was 36%. Symptoms such as prolonged cough (adj OR 12.72, 95% CI 7.05–22.94) and fever (Adj OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.23–3.39), were associated with prevalent tuberculosis, but 8 (10%) individuals with prevalent tuberculosis denied having any symptoms at all and only 34 (43%) would have been classified as a TB suspect by current guidelines.Conclusions
Undiagnosed tuberculosis is a challenge for tuberculosis control and new approaches are needed if we are to reach international targets. Epidemiological studies can inform screening algorithms for both detection and prevention of active tuberculosis. 相似文献97.
Background
Normal aging significantly influences motor and cognitive performance. Little is known about age-related changes in action simulation. Here, we investigated the influence of aging on implicit motor imagery.Methodology/Principal Findings
Twenty young (mean age: 23.9±2.8 years) and nineteen elderly (mean age: 78.3±4.5 years) subjects, all right-handed, were required to determine the laterality of hands presented in various positions. To do so, they mentally rotated their hands to match them with the hand-stimuli. We showed that: (1) elderly subjects were affected in their ability to implicitly simulate movements of the upper limbs, especially those requiring the largest amplitude of displacement and/or with strong biomechanical constraints; (2) this decline was greater for movements of the non-dominant arm than of the dominant arm.Conclusions/Significance
These results extend recent findings showing age-related alterations of the explicit side of motor imagery. They suggest that a general decline in action simulation occurs with normal aging, in particular for the non-dominant side of the body. 相似文献98.
Background
Several molecular and cellular processes in the vertebrate brain exhibit differences between males and females, leading to sexual dimorphism in the formation of neural circuits and brain organization. While studies on large-scale brain networks provide ample evidence for both structural and functional sex differences, smaller-scale local networks have remained largely unexplored. In the current study, we investigate sexual dimorphism in cortical dynamics by means of spontaneous Up/Down states, a type of network activity that is exhibited during slow-wave sleep, quiet wakefulness, and anesthesia and is thought to represent the default activity of the cortex.Methods
Up state activity was monitored by local field potential recordings in coronal brain slices of male and female mice across three ages with distinct secretion profiles of sex hormones: (i) pre-puberty (17–21 days old), (ii) 3–9 adult (months old), and (iii) old (19–24 months old).Results
Female mice of all ages exhibited longer and more frequent Up states compared to aged-matched male mice. Power spectrum analysis revealed sex differences in the relative power of Up state events, with female mice showing reduced power in the delta range (1–4 Hz) and increased power in the theta range (4–8 Hz) compared to male mice. No sex differences were found in the characteristics of Up state peak voltage and latency.Conclusions
The present study revealed for the first time sex differences in intracortical network activity, using an ex vivo paradigm of spontaneously occurring Up/Down states. We report significant sex differences in Up state properties that are already present in pre-puberty animals and are maintained through adulthood and old age.99.
100.
Arvanitis Nikolaos Kotzamanidis Charalambos Z. Skaracis George N. Karagouni Amalia D. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(3):291-296
The antimicrobial activities of five commercial disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium compound-isopropanol (D1), sodium
methyl dithiocarbamate (D2), sodium thiocarbamate (D3), sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate (D4) and formaldehyde (D5) were studied
against three main saccharolytic indigenous isolates (Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) from a beet sugar extraction line. Preliminary studies suggested that although all the disinfectants were effective against
those isolates, the high economic cost in combination with large amounts of the disinfectants D2, D3 and D4 weaken their possibility
for industrial use. Therefore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the other two examined disinfectants D1 and D5
was determined and survivor curves were obtained, for a period of 7 days. Bacterial counts against time (h) suggested that
D1 was more effective than D5 against the microbial population. In particular, D1 was bacteriolytic above 7 mg/l for B. cereus and bactericidal above 80 mg/l for Lc. mesenteroides and above 100 mg/l for L. plantarum. The disinfectant D5 was bacteriolytic above 25 mg/l for B. cereus and bactericidal above 500 mg/l for Lc. mesenteroides and L. plantarum. Taking into consideration both features, i.e. high concentration and very low cost, the use of D5 (formaldehyde) appeared
more suitable to the concerned beet sugar processor.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献