The origin and evolution of carpels and fruits from an evo-devo perspective

The flower is an evolutionary innovation in angiosperms that drives the evolution of biodiversity.The carpel is integral to a flower and develops into fruits after fertilization,while the perianth,consisting of the calyx and corolla,is decorative to facilitate pollination and protect the internal organs,including the carpels and stamens.Therefore,the nature of flower origin is carpel and stamen origin,which represents one of the greatest and fundamental unresolved issues in plant evolutionary bi...     

三峡库区消落带落羽杉与立柳林土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷动态变化

为探究库区消落带人工乔木植被恢复重建后土壤质量及肥力的变化特征,于2016年6月(T_1)、2016年9月(T_2)、2017年6月(T_3)及2017年9月(T_4)选择165—175 m高程落羽杉与立柳土壤为研究对象,并以裸地作为对照,测定土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和相关理化性质。结果表明:(1)经历水淹(T_2—T_3)会使土壤微生物生物量处于较低水平,落干期(T_1—T_2、T_3—T_4)落羽杉与立柳人工植被恢复生长能显著提高土壤微生物生物量,对土壤微生物恢复具有重要意义。(2)落羽杉与立柳土壤微生物生物量碳、氮占土壤有机碳、全氮百分比在4个时期均显著高于裸地,表明落羽杉与立柳土壤微生物对土壤碳、氮库的贡献大于裸地;落羽杉土壤微生物生物量磷及其占全磷百分比在T_1和T_3处于极低水平,T_2和T_4处于较高水平,应注意磷元素的迁移。(3)土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷与土壤有机碳和全氮有极显著相关性,与土壤pH值呈不同程度的负相关。在三峡库区消落带进行落羽杉与立柳乔木植被恢复重建能显著提高土壤微生物生物量及土壤肥力,进一步证实开展科学的植被修复与重建值得提倡和肯定。     

三峡消落带落羽杉人工幼林叶片分解及磷释放特征

为探究三峡消落带人工重建植被落羽杉（Taxodium distichum）幼林叶片在不同水文条件下的分解特征及其对土壤-水体磷的贡献潜力,本实验在控制条件下,模拟三峡库区消落带土壤水分变化设置了常规生长水分条件（CK）、轻度干旱水分胁迫（T1）、潮湿（T2）、2 cm水淹（T3）、10 cm水淹（T4）5个不同处理,研究落羽杉叶片分解及磷释放特征。研究结果表明：（1）在整个试验期间（90 d）,T3、T4两个水淹处理的叶片失重率分别达51%（T3）和55%（T4）,显著高于CK、T1、T2三个未水淹处理;（2）未分解残留叶片中的全磷含量在CK、T1、T2三个未水淹的处理组呈现增加趋势,而水淹处理（T3、T4）呈减少趋势;（3）土壤全磷含量在试验过程中呈现波动性变化特征,但至试验结束时,各处理中土壤全磷含量与CK相比均无显著差异;（4）T3、T4处理中叶片添加显著增加了上覆水体中总磷含量,试验过程中呈现出在分解初期迅速上升,在分解10 d时达到峰值,之后逐渐降低并趋于稳定,但试验结束时仍显著较高,分别是对应无叶片组的17.15倍（T3）和5.81倍（T4）。这些结果说明水淹通过促进落羽杉叶片的分解从而增加上覆水体中磷的含量,因此有必要在水淹前对消落带的落羽杉幼林叶片进行适时采收,以尽可能减少其对库区水体的磷负荷。     

Tinea Capitis in Southeastern China: A 16-Year Survey

This survey was a retrospective of a 16-year (1993–2008) study on the incidence, clinical features, and etiological agents of tinea capitis mainly representing the Southeastern China. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination. Eight hundred and sixty-six patients with tinea capitis, 381 males (44%) and 485 females (56%), were enrolled in this study. Patients were between 20 days and 84 years old with an average of 10.5 years and the peak incidence was in the age group of 6–10 (48.5%). Five hundred and sixty-two patients (64.9%) were ectothrix and 303 patients (35.0%) were endothrix with only one patient was favus. The incidence of tinea capitis from 1993 was gradually increasing and reaching to its peak in 2001. Positive cultures of dermatophytes were obtained in 715 patients: Microsporum canis (62.4%) was predominant, followed by Trichophyton violaceum (19.0%), Trichophyton tousurans (9.8%). M. canis was the major pathogen for ectothrix infection, while T. violaceum and T. tousurans contributed to the most endothrix form. M. canis, T. violaceum, and T. rubrum were the major pathogens for kerion.     

A novel deletion in TNNI2 causes distal arthrogryposis in a large Chinese family with marked variability of expression

Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is composed of a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, characterized by multiple congenital contractures of the limbs. Point mutations in three genes encoding contractile fast-twitch myofibers, TPM2, TNNI2 and TNNT3, were recently identified in DA type 1 (DA1; MIM 108120) and DA type 2B (DA2B; MIM 601680). We have described a large Chinese DA family in which different individuals had phenotypes similar to DA1 or DA2B. To map the disease locus in this family, two-point linkage analysis was first performed using microsatellite markers selected from the genomic regions close to the TPM2, TNNI2/TNNT3 and TNNC2 genes. A positive LOD score of 3.61 at θ = 0 was obtained with the marker close to the TNNI2/TNNT3 genes, corresponding to the genetic mapping site of DA2B. Direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified DNA fragment spanning exon 8 of the TNNI2 gene showed a heterozygous deletion, c.523_525delAAG (p.K175del), in the proband. This novel mutation was confirmed to cosegregate with the DA phenotype in affected individuals but not detected in all unaffected individuals of the family and not in 50 healthy controls. In summary, we have found a novel TNNI2 mutation in a Chinese family with DA2B. Our work represents the first report on the link between TNNI2 and the DA phenotype in Chinese.Miao Jiang and Xiuli Zhao contributed equally to the work     

甘油磷酸二酯酶家族蛋白的分子进化

甘油磷酸二酯酶(glycerophosphodiesterrase,GDE)是原核和真核生物中高度保守的一类酶,然而不同物种存在不同数量的蛋白成员。本文以8种模式生物的甘油磷酸二酯酶家族蛋白为基础,通过邻接法构建该家族的进化树,以了解GDE家族成员的进化关系。采用多序列比对、RNA剪接位点(外显子/内含子)分析以及跨膜结构域预测对所建树进行信息挖掘。通过上述方法,提出并初步验证了GDE家族分为3个亚族的观点,即第一亚族为GDE5,第二亚族包括GDE4和GDE7,第三亚族含有GDE1、GDE2、GDE3、GDE6四个成员。