江西省中华秋沙鸭越冬种群现状调查与胁迫因素分析

于2009年2月对江西省五大水系:赣江、抚河、信江、饶河和修水的越冬中华秋沙鸭种群展开专项调查,分析了江西省越冬中华秋沙鸭种群的数量、性比、空间分布格局、生境特征及其胁迫因素.主要采用样线法在五大水系的主要河道展开同步调查,调查样线总长度400 km.结果发现,江西省越冬中华秋沙鸭有26个生活群255只个体,雌雄性比为119:117,其生活群雌雄性比也多接近1:1.江西省五大水系中,除赣江外,在其他4个水系均发现有中华秋沙鸭越冬群体.除了在曾有中华秋沙鸭越冬记录的婺源、贵溪、弋阳、浮梁、修水发现其越冬群体外,还首次在江西省境内的宜黄、武宁和龙虎山地区发现有较大的中华秋沙鸭越冬群体,而且龙虎山泸溪河段分布有本次调查中个体数量最大的有53只个体的群体.人类采砂活动、水质污染、非法捕鱼和家禽饲养是目前影响该种群生存的主要胁迫因素.     

Molecular characterization of avian-like H1N1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in Eastern China, 2011

Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China. Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13, 26, 198, 277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates. Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12, the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins. In this study, the isolates contained 591Q, 627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2, which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation. The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1, a marker of mammalian adaptation. Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3′ end of the NS1, a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999, which is distinct from those of avian, human and classical swine viruses. The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N), a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987, which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals. Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs, and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.     

The Role of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) in the Cancer Progress

In recent years, metabolism is talked highly important in cancer research, especially the lipid metabolism. Researchers believe that the de novo fatty acid synthesis plays an important role in tumor development, while many studies illustrated that Endocannabinoids have anti-tumorigenic actions, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-metastatic effects, MAGL as an important decomposing enzyme of both lipid metabolism and endocannabinoids system, additionally as a part of a gene expression signature contributes to different aspects of tumourigenesis.     

喀斯特关键带植被时空变化及其驱动因素

中国南方喀斯特地区广泛面临着生态问题,植被的保护与恢复倍受关注,对这一区域植被覆盖的进行监测和预测是非常必要的。以MODIS-NDVI为数据源,分析2000—2016年间,研究区不同地质背景,多种土地覆被类型的NDVI时空变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明:(1)从2000—2016年间,研究区植被覆盖整体呈增长趋势;其中喀斯特区域增长情况略优于非喀斯特区域。植被覆盖在空间上呈现东高西低;其中林地的NDVI值最高,耕地次之,依次草地,居民用地,水域,未利用地最低;在林地和耕地中,非喀斯特区域的NDVI值比喀斯特高,其余的土地覆被类型中都比喀斯特区域低。(2)研究区植被覆盖改善的地区占60.19%,退化地区占17.06%;草地,耕地区改善明显,退化主要在水域和建设用地; Hurst指数显示在研究区持续性改善的NDVI大于持续性退化;相比非喀斯特区域,喀斯特区域改善及持续性改善情况更佳。(3)整体而言,海拔对NDVI的空间分布影响力最大,温度次之,依次为降雨,夜间灯光指数;相比而言,非喀斯特区域NDVI空间分布更易受地形因子影响;喀斯特区域NDVI空间分布更易受气候差异及人类活动影响。(4)研究区分别有49%,45%,61%的NDVI与气温,降雨,日照的相关系数通过a=0.05的显著性检验;相比非喀斯特而言,喀斯特区域植被生长更易受气候变化的影响。     

Responses of two kidney bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis>) cultivars to the combined stress of sulfur deficiency and cadmium toxicity

Plants suffer from combined stress of sulfur deficiency and cadmium toxicity in some agricultural lands. However, little is known about the reaction in plants, such as responses in antioxidant enzymes and non-protein thiol compounds, to such combined stress. Therefore, in this study, four treatments, S-sufficiency (T_S?Cd), S-deficiency (T_?S?Cd), Cd stress (T_S+Cd) and combined stress of S-deficiency and Cd stress (T_?S+Cd), were set up to investigate (1) the effects of sulfur deficiency or sulfur sufficiency on Cd toxicity to kidney bean cultivar seedlings and the related mechanisms, and (2) the responses of two kidney bean cultivars to combined stress of S-deficiency and Cd-tolerance. The results showed significant increases in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde contents and significant increases in antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase) activities and non-protein thiol compounds (non-protein thiols, reduced glutathione, phytochelatins) synthesis in the plants in T_S+Cd and T_?S+Cd. On the tissue level, higher proportion of Cd was found to be immobilized/deposited in roots, while on the sub-cell level, higher proportion of Cd was located in cell walls and vacuole fractions with lower in cell organelles. Taken together, the results indicated that Cd detoxification was achieved by the two kidney bean cultivars through antioxidant enzyme activation, non-protein thiol compound synthesis and sub-cellular compartmentalization. In addition, the results indicated that sufficient S supply helped to relieve Cd toxicity, which is of special significance for remediation or utilization of Cd-contaminated soils as S is a plant essential nutrient.     

人参茎叶皂甙对高胆固醇饮食大鼠再灌注性心律失常和脂质过氧化的影响(英文)

研究人参茎叶皂甙(GSL)对高胆固醇饮食大鼠心肌再灌注性心律失常(RPA_r)和脂质过氧化的影响。方法:将胆固醇乳剂用灌胃法饲养大鼠14d,建立高脂血症模型,各组大鼠进行心肌缺血再灌注实验,观察高脂血症和GSL对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注2h后血丙二醇(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的影响和对再灌注性心律失常发生率的影响。结果显示:(1)用胆固醇乳剂饲养大鼠14d,成功建立高脂血症模型。同时给予GSL14d有明显降脂作用。(2)高脂血症状态下,心肌缺血再灌注2h后,血MDA升高(p<0.01),SOD降低(p<0.01)和NO(p<0.05)降低,再灌注10min内RPAr的发生率增高。(3)GSL组再灌注后2h的血MDA降低,而SOD和NO水平显著升高;使RPAr发生率大为降低,无VF发生。实验显示高脂血症加重心肌缺血再灌注损伤和提高RPAr发生率及动物死亡率,GSL可减少高脂饮食大鼠脂质过氧化和诱导体内NO生成而减轻缺血再灌注心肌损伤,降低缺血再灌注性心律失常发生率。     

β-谷甾醇烟酸酯的制备

采用酯化反应,将烟酰氯和β-谷甾醇合成了β-谷甾醇烟酸酯,并用红外光谱和质谱对其进行了分析。结果表明,酯化反应的最优工艺条件为mol(β-甾醇):mol(烟酰氯):mol(吡啶)= 1:3:5;反应温度91℃;反应时间6 h;用95%的乙醇进行重结晶,产率可达到75%以上;红外光谱和质谱分析表明合成产物为β-谷甾醇烟酸酯。     

重组人骨形成蛋白—3成熟肽的表达,纯化及诱骨活性的研究

推测人骨形成蛋白３羧基端的１２７氨基酸的肽段为其成熟肽（ｈＢＭＰ３ｍ）。将编码此成熟肽的ｃＤＮＡ插入含ＰＬ启动子的表达质粒ｐＤＨ中,构建表达质粒ｐＤＨＢ３ｍ,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。４２℃热诱导６ｈ后表达量达到最高水平,约占菌体总蛋白２８％;表达产物以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经分离和洗涤后,溶解于尿素,在变性溶解状态下经阳离子交换层析,目的蛋白纯度至少在９５％以上。再经稀释复性。然后将纯化、复性的重组人骨形成蛋白３成熟肽（ｒｈＢＭＰ３ｍ）植入小鼠肌肉间隙,于不同时间取材观察,在局部可见典型的软骨形成、软骨内成骨以及骨组织形成的过程,证实所制备的ｒｈＢＭＰ３ｍ具有明显的异位诱骨活性。     

铁皮石斛茎段诱导丛生芽的研究

以铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.的茎段作外植体,比较不同的培养基、激素等因素对茎段分化丛生芽的影响,以及不同浓度的香蕉汁和活性炭对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：1／2MS较好,BA作用优于KT、ZT,最适浓度为2．0mg/L;丛生芽培养于1／2MS 10％香蕉汁 0．5％AC的培养基上,生根效果最好。     

雌激素Beta受体在大鼠脑内表达的免疫组化定位研究

为了探讨雌激素作用于神经系统的机理,采用硫酸镍铵增强显色的免疫组化SP法研究了新的雌激素受体(ER-β)在成年雌雄大鼠脑内的分布。研究证实ER-β免疫阳性物质主要位于神经元的细胞核内,但在个别脑区也可在胞浆甚至突起内检测到。最强的ER-β免疫阳性信号见于前嗅核、大脑皮质、小脑浦肯野细胞、斜角带垂直部、蓝斑和三叉神经运动核等部位;中等强度的染色见于隔内侧核、杏仁外侧核、黑质、中央灰质等部位;较弱的阳性反应见于下丘脑与杏仁复合体的部分核团。在一些部位还存在表达水平甚至细胞内定位模式的性别差异,如前庭上核内的表达只见于雌性;雄性大鼠三叉神经运动核内ER-β蛋白主要表达于胞浆内,细胞核为阴性;而在雌性大鼠该部位ER-β蛋白主要位于细胞核等。以上结果表明ER-β蛋白在大鼠脑内分布广泛并具有一定的性别差异,在与学习记忆有关的脑区如大脑皮质和基底前脑内有很高的表达,提示在脑组织内雌激素可能通过ER-β这一新的信号途径发挥多种重要的调控作用,如学习记忆等。