白粒济宁3号小麦品种的选育

用快中子照射红粒济宁3号小麦干种子,后代获得白粒植株,经选育而成白粒济宁3号。白粒济宁3号与红粒济宁3号比,除籽粒颜色差别外,籽粒蛋白含量显著高于红粒济宁3号,而落黄性、籽粒饱满度、千粒重、产量均略低于红粒济宁3号,该品种累计种植面积10余万亩。     

Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis

A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m⁻² year⁻¹) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%–32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%–17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.     

药用寄生植物菟丝子属,列当属和无根藤属氨基酸的分析

本文测定了菟丝子属、列当属和无根藤属某些种的种子和植株氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明,3个属种子和植株氨基酸均在15种以上,且含量丰富,特别是必需氨基酸的含量较高。文中讨论了氨基酸的药用和在种子鉴定与化学分类上的作用,探讨了开发应用的前景。     

用转移因子治疗159例奶牛乳房炎的效果观察

本文报道了在国内首次用转移因子制剂治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的效果。我们采用的转移因子制剂是本单位从健康猪脾细胞提取的,经按人用转移因子制检规程检测达到要求后,用于本省西部、东部和郊区三个奶牛场计159头患隐性乳房炎的奶牛,每天一次肌注,连续用药5次,测定用药前后的客观指标(CMT、BTB、苛性钠及氯化物凝乳试验等),以痊愈、显效、好转及无效等判定标准,经统计学处理后看出,用药后与用药前比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01),治疗组的有效率为91.2％,看出了应用转移因子治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎具有明显的治疗效果。     

Gut microbiome helps honeybee (Apis mellifera) resist the stress of toxic nectar plant (Bidens pilosa) exposure: Evidence for survival and immunity

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) ingestion of toxic nectar plants can threaten their health and survival. However, little is known about how to help honeybees mitigate the effects of toxic nectar plant poisoning. We exposed honeybees to different concentrations of Bidens pilosa flower extracts and found that B. pilosa exposure significantly reduced honeybee survival in a dose-dependent manner. By measuring changes in detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and the gut microbiome, we found that superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were significantly activated with increasing concentrations of B. pilosa and that different concentrations of B. pilosa exposure changed the structure of the honeybee gut microbiome, causing a significant reduction in the abundance of Bartonella (p < 0.001) and an increase in Lactobacillus. Importantly, by using Germ-Free bees, we found that colonization by the gut microbes Bartonella apis and Apilactobacillus kunkeei (original classification as Lactobacillus kunkeei) significantly increased the resistance of honeybees to B. pilosa and significantly upregulated bee-associated immune genes. These results suggest that honeybee detoxification systems possess a level of resistance to the toxic nectar plant B. pilosa and that the gut microbes B. apis and A. kunkeei may augment resistance to B. pilosa stress by improving host immunity.     

-cyano-substituted analogoues of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as enzyme activated, irreversible inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

A pair of -cyano analogues of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (2a and 2b) were synthesized as potential enzyme activated, irreversible inhibitors of the[pyruvoyl enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMet-DC). Each of these analogues acts as an irreversible inactivator for ADoMet-DC from Escherichia coli (IC₅₀ values of 9 and 50 μM, respectively). These analogues also inactivate human AdoMet-DC, with K_I values of 246.6 and 7.2 μM, and k_inact values of 0.29 and 0.03 min⁻¹, respectively.     

山美水库两种入侵罗非鱼繁殖生物学比较

为比较山美水库两种入侵齐氏罗非鱼(Coptodon zillii)和伽利略罗非鱼(Sarotherodon galilaeus)种群的繁殖生物学特征,于2021年3—10月份在山美水库逐月采样,分析了繁殖时间、性比、绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力和成熟卵径等特征。结果表明,两种罗非鱼均于4月份开始繁殖,齐氏罗非鱼繁殖高峰为7月, 10月结束繁殖;伽利略罗非鱼繁殖高峰为6月, 9月结束繁殖。齐氏罗非鱼平均绝对繁殖力为(4009.85±1305.69)粒、平均体重相对繁殖力为(67.32±15.63)粒/g、平均体长相对繁殖力为(31.31±5.03)粒/mm;伽利略罗非鱼平均绝对繁殖力为(1701.85±591.29)粒、平均体重相对繁殖力为(6.46±0.87)粒/g、平均体长相对繁殖力为(8.22±2.33)粒/mm;齐氏罗非鱼的绝对繁殖力、体重相对繁殖力和体长相对繁殖力均显著高于伽利略罗非鱼,平均成熟卵径则显著小于伽利略罗非鱼。齐氏罗非鱼和伽利略罗非鱼繁殖群体的雌雄性比分别为1.59和1.83,两个种群的雌雄性比无显著差异,但均显著偏离1﹕1。研究表明两种共同入侵的罗非鱼种群具有不同的繁殖...     

生态梯度轴(EGA)用于林木生态遗传的研究——CA方法估算EGA(CA_1)和EGA(r~2)

应用典型相关的原理和技术,将多元地理坐标和生态因子降维成1元,研究提出2个生态梯度轴(EGA);EGA(CA_1)和EGA(r~2)。通过白榆20个种源的2个EGA估算,它们与6个环境因子平均相关系数为0.8551和0.8804,复相关系数0.9998和0.9985,很好地综合了诸环境因子在对群体7个性状分析结果,EGA能很好描述梯度变异,证明了白榆种群属于连续变异模式。     

甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴再生植株无性系建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)豫油2号和6257的子叶和下胚轴为材料,在不同激素配比的MS培养基上诱导出了愈伤组织。将经过继代的部分愈伤转入分化培养基,分化结果表明:除基因型、外植体和分化培养基的激素配比对分化率有影响外,诱导愈伤培养基的激素配比对分化率也至关重要。豫油2号的子叶和下胚轴在最适诱导培养基(ZT 1+NAA0.5+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(ZT4+IAA 0.2 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为12.5%和75%;6257的子叶和下胚轴在其最适诱导培养基(KT 2+NAA1+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(6-BA 4+IAA 0.02 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为50%和37.5%。将其最适诱导培养基中的愈伤组织继代达8个月以上,建立了不同继代愈伤的再生植株无性系。     

浙江金华北山植物区系地理的研究

金华北山约有种子植物１４０科、５１９属、１０５２种。区系成分中,以北温带、泛热带、东亚三种成分为主,植物区系具明显的亚热带性质。以植物地理成分为指标,对金华山与全国其它１４个山地的植物区系进行了模糊聚类分析。结果表明,庐山、天目山植物区系与浙南一闽北的九龙山、武夷山植物区系之间无明显的分界线。