热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载树突细胞抗小鼠结肠癌效应

研究了热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载骨髓来源的树突细胞（dendritic cell,DC）对结肠癌小鼠的治疗作用.将小鼠结肠癌细胞CT26热处理后超声破膜,以其细胞裂解液负载BALB/c小鼠骨髓来源的DC,观察DC诱导肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL）杀伤活性;并将DC接种于荷瘤小鼠皮下,观察其对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响.发现致敏DC诱导的CTL对CT26肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤作用.用致敏DC免疫小鼠后,对小鼠肿瘤的生长具有显著的抑制作用,并能显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间.热处理肿瘤细胞抗原负载的树突细胞对结肠癌小鼠具有显著的治疗效果.     

海南文昌汉族体质特征

在海南文昌市调查了城市汉族315例(男为150例, 女为165例)和乡村汉族407例(男为216例, 女为191例)成人的73项体质指标, 计算了25项体质指数, 统计了指数分型情况, 与我国族群资料进行了比较, 对海南文昌汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果显示: 1)文昌汉族有上眼睑皱褶, 蒙古褶欠发达,眼裂窄且多呈眼外角高, 鼻根高度中等, 直鼻梁, 鼻基部上翘, 鼻翼高度中等, 鼻孔最大径斜位, 鼻翼宽, 耳垂多为圆形、三角形, 上唇皮肤部高度中等, 红唇较厚, 发色黑, 肤色、眼色较深。2)文昌汉族男女性均为特圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型。男性还为中面型, 女性还为狭面型。3)文昌汉族男女性均为长躯干型、中胸型、中肩型、中骨盆型, 男性还为中腿型, 女性还为亚短腿型。文昌汉族城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材。4)文昌汉族头面部特征更接近于我国蒙古人种北亚类型族群。从体部指标来看。文昌汉族介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间, 更接近于北亚类型族群。     

Regulation of cyp26a1 on Th17 cells in mouse peri‐implantation

Cytochrome P450 26A1 (cyp26a1) is expressed in the mouse uterus during peri‐implantation. The repression of this protein is closely associated with a reduction in implantation sites, suggesting a specific role for cyp26a1 in pregnancy and prompting questions concerning how a metabolic enzyme can generate this distinct outcome. To explore the effective downstream targets of cyp26a1 and confirm if its role in peri‐implantation depends on its metabolic substrate RA (retinoic acid), we characterized the changes in the peripheral blood, spleen and uterine implantation sites using the cyp26a1 gene vaccine constructed before. Flow cytometry results showed a significant increase in CD4⁺RORγt⁺ Th17 cells in both the peripheral blood and spleen in the experimental group. The expression of RORγt and IL‐17 presented the Th17 cells reduction in uterus followed by the suppression of cyp26a1 expression. For greater certainty, cyp26a1 antibody blocking model and RNA interference model were constructed to determine the precise target immune cell group. High performance liquid chromatography results showed a significant increase in uterine at‐RA followed by the immunization of cyp26a1 gene vaccine. Both the ascertain by measuring RARα protein levels in peri‐implantation uterus after gene vaccine immunization and researches using the specific agonist and antagonist against RARα suggested that RARα may be the main RA receptor for signal transduction. These results provided more evidence for the signal messenger role of RA in cyp26a1 regulation from the other side. Here, we showed that the cyp26a1‐regulated Th17 cells are dependent on at‐RA signalling, which is delivered through RARα in mouse peri‐implantation.     

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/Maize (Zea mays L.) Intercropping Provides a Feasible Way to Improve Yield and Economic Incomes in Farming and Pastoral Areas of Northeast China

Given the growing challenges to food and eco-environmental security as well as sustainable development of animal husbandry in the farming and pastoral areas of northeast China, it is crucial to identify advantageous intercropping modes and some constraints limiting its popularization. In order to assess the performance of various intercropping modes of maize and alfalfa, a field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with five treatments: maize monoculture in even rows, maize monoculture in alternating wide and narrow rows, alfalfa monoculture, maize intercropped with one row of alfalfa in wide rows and maize intercropped with two rows of alfalfa in wide rows. Results demonstrate that maize monoculture in alternating wide and narrow rows performed best for light transmission, grain yield and output value, compared to in even rows. When intercropped, maize intercropped with one row of alfalfa in wide rows was identified as the optimal strategy and the largely complementary ecological niches of alfalfa and maize were shown to account for the intercropping advantages, optimizing resource utilization and improving yield and economic incomes. These findings suggest that alfalfa/maize intercropping has obvious advantages over monoculture and is applicable to the farming and pastoral areas of northeast China.     

广东番禺红树林造林研究

结合广东番禺红树林造林的现状,对影响红树林幼苗成活率和生长状况的因素进行初步分析,并据此提出提高造林保存率的措施等。影响红树林造林成活及生长的因素为：①水深：潮水越深,红树幼苗成活率越低,生长越差;②风浪：海面风浪越大,红树幼苗受干扰越大,成活和生长越差;③人为活动干扰为严重影响红树幼苗的成活和生长;④造林地的杂草会影响某些红树植物幼苗的光照条件;⑤海滩垃圾废物会挂断和压倒大量红树幼苗;⑥海滩石油污染会阻止红树胚轴的萌发;⑦幼苗种植时越粗壮,种植得越精细,则种植后生长越好。并提出提高造林成效的措施：①加强维护和管理：包括护理受损伤的红树幼苗,清除塑料袋等垃圾物,罅在红树幼苗区的捕捞活动,造林前清除杂草和固定某些红树植物幼苗;②补植受破坏的红树幼苗和扩大种植。     

小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性遗传方式 和相对适合度研究

就小菜蛾Plutella xylostella对阿维菌素的抗性遗传方式和抗性品系的相对适合度进行了研究。室内选育的阿维菌素抗性品系与同源的敏感品系杂交、F₁代自交、F₁代与亲本回交,结果表明：杂交后的显性度（D）分别为-0.64和-0.52,说明小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性是常染色体、不完全隐性遗传;χ²检验证实,可能是多基因控制的抗性遗传。杂交F₁代乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）和谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活性比抗性亲本有所降低,F2代及回交后代三种酶的活性继续降低。种群适合度研究表明,抗性品系相对于敏感品系有0.84的适合度。     

Development of Skewed Functionality of HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells from Primary to Early Chronic Phase of HIV Infection

In recent years, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection has been rapidly increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, it remains unknown how the host immune system responds to the infection in this population. We assessed the quantity of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses by using Elispot assay and their functionalities by measuring 5 CD8⁺ T-cell evaluations (IL-2, MIP-1β, CD107a, TNF-α, IFN-γ) with flow cytometry assays among 18 primarily and 37 early chronically HIV-infected MSM. Our results demonstrated that subjects at early chronic phase developed HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses with higher magnitudes and more diversified functionalities in comparison with those at primary infection. However, populations with IL-2⁺ CD107a⁺ or in combination with other functionality failed to develop in parallel. The multifunctional but not monofunctional HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells were associated with higher CD4⁺ T -cell counts and lower viral loads. These data revealed that prolonged infection from primary to early chronic infection could selectively increase the functionalities of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in HIV-infected MSM population, the failure to develop IL-2 and cytotoxic functionalities in parallel may explain why the increased HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells were unable to enhance the containment of HIV-1 replication at the early chronic stage.     

KATP通道对缺血性心肌电平衡的维护作用及机制

目的：利用异丙肾上腺素（ISO）诱导大鼠心肌缺血性损伤模型和心肌细胞损伤模型,并对其进行药物干预,探讨心肌ATP敏感性钾 通道（KATP通道）维持缺血性心肌电平衡的作用与机制。方法：在动物实验中,将雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组,正常对照组大鼠皮下注射0.9% 氯化钠溶液,其余各组大鼠均皮下注射等量1 g ? L -1 ISO（qd）,连续9 d,其间,在第7~9 d,除了正常对照组和模型组外,其他3组大鼠还 分别灌胃给予1.75 g ? L -1 普萘洛尔（PRO）2 mL ? kg -1 ? d -1 、5 g ? L -1 曲美他嗪（VAS）2 mL ? kg -1 ? d -1 或腹腔注射给予5 g ? L -1 二苯基碘（DPI） 1 mL ? kg -1 ? d -1 。在造模期间不同时间点,对各组大鼠进行心电图检查,并制备心肌标本,检测其中KATP通道亚基KIR6.2蛋白表达水平。 在细胞实验中,将H9C2心肌细胞分成对照组（不给药）、ISO组、ISO+ PRO组、ISO+DPI组和ISO+VAS组,后3组细胞均在1 μmol ? L -1 ISO加入前30 min,分别给予2 μmol ? L -1 PRO、10 μmol ? L -1 DPI和10 μmol ? L -1 VAS,且在加入ISO后,与ISO组细胞一样,再孵育1 和24 h,采用实时荧光定量 PCR法测定各组细胞中KATP通道亚基KIR6.2和SUR2A基因表达水平。结果：大鼠实验显示,与正常对照组相比, 模型组大鼠在造模的第3、7 d,心电图参数QTc明显缩短,心率加快（P ＜0.05）,且心肌中KIR6.2蛋白表达明显增多（P ＜0.01）,而造 模9 d后,其QTc明显延长（P ＜0.01）,心率减慢（P ＜0.05）,心肌中KIR6.2蛋白表达显著降低（P ＜0.01）;ISO+ PRO、ISO+DPI 和ISO+VAS各组大鼠在持续3 d分别接受3种药物治疗后,其QTc较模型组明显缩短,心率升高,均趋于恢复正常水平。细胞实验显示, 与对照组相比,ISO组H9C2细胞经ISO孵育1 h后,KIR6.2和SUR2A的mRNA表达显著上调（P ＜0.05）,而在ISO孵育24 h后, KIR6.2和SUR2A的mRNA表达显著下调（ P ＜0.01）;与ISO组相比,各给药组细胞经ISO孵育1 h后,KIR6.2和SUR2A的mRNA表 达均有不同程度下调,而在ISO孵育24 h后,KIR6.2和SUR2A的mRNA表达均显著上调（P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01）。结论：KATP通道对 维护缺血性心肌电平衡起重要作用。持续性激动β受体、氧化应激或能量供应不足等体内多条途径都会影响KATP通道的表达和功能,而保护 KATP通道功能,对于维持心电平衡,抑制心律失常基质形成,意义重大。     

Characterization of Sr9h,a wheat stem rust resistance allele effective to Ug99

Key message

Wheat stem rust resistance gene SrWeb is an allele at the Sr9 locus that confers resistance to Ug99.

Abstract

Race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal fungus of stem rust, threatens global wheat production because of its broad virulence to current wheat cultivars. A recently identified Ug99 resistance gene from cultivar Webster, temporarily designated as SrWeb, mapped near the stem rust resistance gene locus Sr9. We determined that SrWeb is also present in Ug99 resistant cultivar Gabo 56 by comparative mapping and an allelism test. Analysis of resistance in a population segregating for both Sr9e and SrWeb demonstrated that SrWeb is an allele at the Sr9 locus, which subsequently was designated as Sr9h. Webster and Gabo 56 were susceptible to the Ug99-related race TTKSF+ from South Africa. Race TTKSF+ possesses unique virulence to uncharacterized Ug99 resistance in cultivar Matlabas. This result validated that resistance to Ug99 in Webster and Gabo 56 is conferred by the same gene: Sr9h. The emergence of pathogen virulence to several resistance genes that are effective to the original Ug99 race TTKSK, including Sr9h, suggests that resistance genes should be used in combinations in order to increase resistance durability.     

广西崇左三合巨猿大洞新发现的鼠科化石

本文记述了广西崇左三合巨猿大洞新发现的鼠类化石, 共有7属11种, 包括了4个绝灭种, 占鼠类总数的40%。经系统比较研究显示, 三合大洞鼠类主要属种的形态特征显然要比重庆巫山龙骨坡的进步, 且较相似于湖北建始龙骨洞的相关鼠类; 古地磁的测年结果为距今在120—160万年, 其时代应是早更新世中期。三合大洞鼠类除了个别广布型外均为东洋界成员, 而且几乎都是树栖和半树栖以及林地生活的种类, 与大哺乳动物反映的生态特征基本一致, 当时的自然景观为气候温暖炎热, 森林茂盛的环境。三合大洞鼠类化石的研究填补了广西巨猿动物群缺少鼠类记载的空白, 这对于探讨其生态环境将提供重要的信息。