湿度和温度对酰化紫膜LB膜M衰减的影响

用闪光动力学光谱仪测量了酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜中Ｍ衰减速率的变化。酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜的衰减无论是悬浮液状态,还是ＬＢ膜中,均比未修饰的要慢。在温度为２０℃时,酰化紫膜ＬＢ随着相对湿度的增加,Ｍ衰减加快。在相对湿度较低时（ＲＨ３４—７５％）,变化较平缓,即Ｍ的衰减加快不明显;在相对湿度较高时（ＲＨ８４—９５％）,Ｍ衰减明显加快。温度的变化则随相对湿度不同而不同。相对湿度较低时,随着温度的升高,Ｍ衰减加快;相对湿度较高时,Ｍ衰减反而减慢。酰化紫膜悬浮液的Ｍ衰减随着温度的升高而明显加快．这说明酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜中ＢＲ水合程度可能是直接影响Ｍ衰减的因素之一。     

大脑皮层信息传输和精神分裂症

本工作用脑电图为测试手段,比较了正常人与精神分裂症病人的大脑皮层的信息传输。我们发现精神分裂病人的大脑皮层信息传输有非常特殊的现象。正常人在睁眼时大脑皮层信息传输比较活跃,当闭眼时信息传输相对减少。而精神分裂症病人则恰好相反。闭眼时信息传输很活跃而睁眼对它们产生抑制,严重的情况可与正常人深度睡眠时类似。经过近三百多例的统计分析这种差别是非常显著的。我们认为这种方法可能作为诊断精神分裂症的客观指标。     

四种水蛭抗凝血酶作用的研究

本文研究了水蛭的抗凝血酶作用,并比较了4种提取方法对抗凝作用的影响。冷浸和温浸,抗凝活性强度为菲牛蛭>日本医蛭》两种宽体金线蛭。煎煮后,前两种的活性锐碱,而两种宽体金线蛭的活性几乎不变。     

棉铃虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的底物专一性和发育期变化(英)

通过对河北省邯郸地区和山东省冠县的棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera H(?)bner)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)研究,结果表明,棉铃虫乙酰胆碱酯酶对乙酰硫代胆碱(ATCh)和乙酰-β-甲基硫代胆碱(MeTCh)的比活力以及米氏常数(K_(?))值随其发育阶段呈有规律的变化,AChE比活力在幼虫期呈现两个高峰,一个在三龄,另一个在化蛹前;在蛹期AChE比活力没有明显的变化,而且比活力值比较低;到成虫期第4天有一个明显的高峰,比活力值高于其它任何虫态。K_(?)和最大反应速度(V_(max))的变化趋势基本上与比活力一致。棉铃虫AChE的K_(?)和比活力随其生长发育阶段的周期性变化对于指导用有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫药剂的化学防治具有重要的意义。不同地点采集到的棉铃虫AChE对AICh和MeTCh水解的活化能有所不同,邯郸地区的棉铃虫AChE水解MeTCh的活化能,蛹和成虫是幼虫期的3.9-4.3倍,而冠县棉铃虫水解MeTCh的活化能则变化不大。AChE水解ATCh的活化能,邯郸地区棉铃虫的AChE不同虫态间变化不大,冠县棉铃虫AChE,幼虫和成虫期约是蛹期的4倍。这说明不同生长发育时期,棉铃虫AChE对底物的水解所消耗的能量是不同的。棉铃虫幼虫AChE的最适反应条件是酶量以重量计为50-100mg,反应时间为10-20min,反应温度为35℃,反应体系的pH值为8.0。     

鸡胚完整脑的光子发射和光激发光研究

利用自制的单光子记录系统,对离体的浸于DMEM培养液中的鸡胚的完整脑所进行的光子发射测量显示出整脑与培养液相比有光子发射.完整脑的光子发射强度与胚龄,鸡胚的健康状况和离体后脑组织的新鲜程度有关.在对完整脑的光激发光测量中观察到一种短寿命的延迟发光,它的衰减过程不服从指数衰减规律而表现出双曲线衰减行为.从生物光子发射归因于生物体内的非定位的相干性电磁场及Frohlish的生命系统中存在着长距离的相干性的理论,讨论了利用生物光子发射研究细胞间通讯、生物的调节及生物与环境关系的意义,以及所检测的光子发射与生物系统自身的相干性电磁场的关系,并提出应从环境对生物系统自身场的影响来理解所测的生物光子发射.     

铽离子与RNA的荧光反应及RNA测定的研究

核糖核酸（ＲＮＡ）与稀土铽离子在ｐＨ５．０～６．５条件下能形成具有较强荧光的络合物,其激发峰在２８８ｎｍ处,发射峰为４９４ｎｍ及５４５ｎｍ处．ＲＮＡ在０．１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,其检出限为６．０×１０￣（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．腺苷酸,尿苷酸,胞苷酸对ＲＮＡ的干扰比较小,因此可在其存在下选择性地测定ＲＮＡ．     

Conservation of an intact human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif gene in vitro and in vivo.

Replication of vif-negative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is attenuated in certain cell lines and highly impaired in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. To determine whether intact vif is positively selected during natural HIV-1 infection and to determine vif sequence variability, we employed PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing to investigate the vif region of replicating virus in short-term-passage HIV-1 primary isolates from five asymptomatic individuals and from five persons with AIDS. A total of 46 vif clones were obtained and analyzed. Recombinant proviruses were constructed from selected vif clones from one patient and found to be fully infectious. We found that 38 of the 46 clones sequenced carried open vif reading frames and that there was a low degree of heterogeneity of vif genes within isolates from the same individual and among isolates from different donors. The cysteines previously found to be essential for vif protein function were conserved in all clones. A phylogenetic tree constructed from all available vif nucleotide sequences resulted in a virus grouping similar to those of gag and env. Direct sequencing of vif amplified by PCR from uncultured lymphocytes of 15 individuals at various stages of progression toward AIDS demonstrated vif open reading frames in 13 of 15 samples tested. There was no obvious correlation between disease status and the presence of an intact vif within this sample group at the time of sample procurement. The conservation of the vif open reading frame in vitro and in vivo and its limited variability following virus transmission in vitro are consistent with a role for vif in natural HIV-1 infection.     

Aberrant Gag protein composition of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif mutant produced in primary lymphocytes.

Productive, spreading infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the viral protein Vif. To study the requirement for vif in this system, we infected PBL with a phenotypically complemented HIV-1 clone mutated in vif. Progeny virus was produced which was noninfectious in PBL but replicated in SupT1 cells. Analysis of metabolically labeled proteins of sedimentable extracellular particles made in PBL by radioimmunoprecipitation with either serum from a patient with AIDS or a monoclonal antibody reactive with HIV-1 Gag proteins revealed that vif-negative but not wild-type particles carry higher levels of p55, p41, and p38 Gag-specific proteins compared with those of p24. Similar results were obtained with sucrose-purified virions. Our data indicate that vif plays a role in Gag protein processing or in incorporation of processed Gag products into mature virions. The presence of unprocessed precursor Gag polyprotein (Pr55gag) and other Gag processing intermediates in PBL-derived vif-negative extracellular particles may contribute to the reduced infectivity of this virus.     

The Impact of Chlorophyll-Retention Mutations,d1d2 and cyt-G1, during Embryogeny in Soybean

The ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular changes in developing and mature seeds were monitored in a control line (Glycine max [L.] Merr., cv Clark) that exhibited seed degreening and two mutant lines (d1d2 and cyt-G1) that retained chlorophyll upon seed maturation. Ultrastructural studies showed that the control line had no internal membranes, whereas stacked thylakoid membranes were detected in the green seed from the mutant lines. Pigment analyses indicated that total chlorophyll was lowest in the mature seeds of the control line. Mature d1d2 and cyt-G1 seed had elevated Chl a and Chl b levels, respectively. In both control and mutant lines, Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and RbcS mRNAs were abundant in embryos prior to cotyledon filling, declined after the onset of storage protein accumulation, and were barely detectable or undetectable in all later stages of seed development. Therefore, the chlorophyll-retention phenotype must be a result of the alteration of a process that occurs after translation of photosynthesis-related mRNAs to stabilize apoprotein and pigment levels. Furthermore, different elements controlling either the synthesis or turnover of Chl a and Chl b must be impaired in the d1d2 and cyt-G1 lines. No reproducible differences in total leaf, embryonic, and chloroplast protein profiles and plastid DNAs could be correlated with the mutations that induced chlorophyll retention.     

Genomic organization and evolution of the soybean SB92 satellite sequence

Repetitive DNA sequences comprise a large percentage of plant genomes, and their characterization provides information about both species and genome evolution. We have isolated a recombinant clone containing a highly repeated DNA element (SB92) that is homologous to ca. 0.9% of the soybean genome or about 10⁵ copies. This repeated sequence is tandemly arranged and is found in four or five major genomic locations. FISH analysis of metaphase chromosomes suggests that two of these locations are centromeric. We have determined the sequence of two cloned repeats and performed genomic sequencing to obtain a consensus sequence. The consensus repeat size was 92 bp and exhibited an average of 10% nucleotide substitution relative to the two cloned repeats. This high level of sequence diversity suggests an ancient origin but is inconsistent with the limited phylogenetic distribution of SB92, which is found an high copy number only in the annual soybeans. It therefore seems likely that this sequence is undergoing very rapid evolution.