中国荨麻科植物省级分布新记录

报道荨麻科6种1亚种1变种在我国6个省区分布的新记录,其中山东分布新记录的有海岛苎麻 (Boehmeria formosana),陕西分布新记录的有对叶楼梯草(Elatostema sinense),广东分布新记录的有台湾糯米团(Gonostegia parvifolia),贵州分布新记录的有显脉楼梯草(Elatostema longistipulum)和短毛楼梯草(E. nasutum var. puberulum),云南分布新记录的有高原荨麻(Urtica hyperborea),西藏分布新记录的有单蕊麻 (Droguetia iners subsp. urticoides)和细尾楼梯草(Elatostema tenuicaudatum)。     

紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤酶活性和理化因子的影响

紫茎泽兰是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,为探明其入侵对土壤肥力的影响,比较研究了紫茎泽兰、云南菅、狗尾草群落和撂荒地下0~30 cm的4层土壤中6种酶活性和12种理化因子。结果表明群落类型和土壤深度对测定的各参数均有显著影响。随土壤深度的增加,多酚氧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶活性,以及有机质、全氮、全磷、全钙、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和pH值均降低。总的看来,紫茎泽兰群落下碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钙、水解氮和有效磷含量,以及pH值均较高,全钾含量较低,但速效钾含量并不低,表明紫茎泽兰入侵多年后土壤肥力水平提高,形成了对其生长有利的土壤环境。     

迷迭香酸抗穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的作用研究

探讨迷迭香酸对穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法:以穿透支原体脂蛋白损伤RAW264．7细胞为模型,用MTT法检测细胞存活状况,DNA片断化分析观察穿透支原体脂蛋白对RAW264．7细胞DNA降解的影响,碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果:7．5mg/L穿透支原体脂蛋白可引起RAW264．7细胞存活率降低,出现细胞凋亡特征性“DNA梯带”,流式细胞术检测细胞出现凋亡亚G1期峰,凋亡率为31．9%;100μmol/L迷迭香酸预处理1小时后可以升高RAW264．7细胞的存活率,凋亡细胞特征性的梯状梯带消失,细胞凋亡亚G1期峰消失,并使RAW264．7细胞的凋亡率下降为7．9%。结论:迷迭香酸有抗穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导RAW264．7细胞凋亡的作用。     

太空诱变玉米核不育材料花粉败育的细胞学观察(简报)

玉米是最早利用雄性不育系生产杂交种的作物之一。在玉米T型细胞质雄性不育杂交种遭受毁灭性病害侵袭之后,科学家认识到利用细胞质雄性不育制种存在潜在的遗传脆弱性,从此试图通过多种途径来创造新的雄性不育．并对雄性不育材料的遗传多样性进行研究。空间诱变育种是80年代于我国发展起来的新技术,在农作物品种改良和种质创新上已初见成效。[第一段]     

由不同细胞核背景引起的小麦细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)叶绿体蛋白质组的变化(简报)

叶绿体和线粒体是高等植物细胞内2种重要的细胞器。由于细胞质雄性不育(CMS)被认为是一种由线粒体基因编码的性状,因此,近10多年来,国内外研究者对线粒体基因组结构与功能、由线粒体基因编码的与CMS相关蛋白的研究积累了大量的资料。与线粒体相比,叶绿体与CMS关系的研究相对滞后。虽然一些研究者在核不育水稻中,观     

雌激素受体β基因CA重复序列多态性与绝经后骨质疏松症的关联性研究

绝经后骨质疏松症(PMO)是一种多基因调控的遗传性疾病。雌激素受体β亚型基因是骨质疏松症的重要侯选基因。此文采用病例对照设计(78名股骨颈PMO病人和122名对照以及108名腰椎PMO病人和92名对照)研究中国人(汉族)雌激素受体β基因(ESR2)第5内含子CA重复序列多态性与PMO的相关性。以CA重复序列平均数22次为界将重复序列基因分为短基因(<22)和长基因(≥22),分别以S和L表示。股骨颈及腰椎(L2-4)部位,病例组中LL基因型和L等位基因者频率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),SL、LL及SL LL基因型者较SS基因型者患PMO风险显著增高(P<0.05);调整年龄、绝经时间、绝经年龄及体质指数后,Logistic回归分析显示ESR2(CA)n多态性仍然与股骨颈(OR4.923,95%CI1.986～12.203,P=0.001)及L2-4(OR2.267,95%CI1.121～4.598,P=0.023)PMO显著相关。结果显示:ESR2基因CA重复序列多态性与股骨颈和L2-4部位PMO独立关联,L等位基因显性影响PMO的发病风险。     

杨盘二孢菌诱导的杨树差异表达基因的功能分析和染色体定位

利用cDNA芯片技术从含有2,952个克隆的杨树芯片中筛选出1,160个受杨盘二孢菌诱导的基因。功能分析表明,该1,160个基因分别属于11个功能类别,除了功能未知基因外,参与新陈代谢、防御反应、信号传导及转录调控的基因最多,这4大类基因约占基因总数的42%。1,160个差异表达基因中有926个基因被定位于19条染色体上,其中被定位于第Ⅱ条染色体上的差异基因最多,共102个(11.0%),其次是第Ⅰ条染色体,共93个(10%),被定位到第ⅩⅦ条染色体上的差异基因最少,仅有11个,基因在染色体上的分布则表现为在部分染色体的末端区域存在大量的聚集,在中间区段则相对较少和排列稀疏,基因的这种分布情况与植物抗病的关系有待进一步研究。     

Characterization of serogroup C meningococci isolated from 14 provinces of China during 1966—2005 using comparative genomic hybridization

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicemia worldwide. In China, serogroup A strains were responsible for over 95% of the cases, while serogroup B strains were mainly the cause of localized outbreaks and sporadic cases. Before 2003, serogroup C strains were only re-covered from a few sporadic cases. However, a sudden increase in the number of cases due to sero-group C strains occurred during 2003—2005 in Anhui Province, China. Many cases were found in other provinces at the same time. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results indicated that the unique se-quence type 4821 clone meningococci, a new hyper-virulent lineage, was responsible for the serogroup C meningitis outbreaks. We have completed the project of sequencing the whole genome of the Chi-nese N. meningitidis serogroup C representative isolate 053442. We fabricated a whole-genome mi-croarray of N. meningitidis isolate 053442 and analyzed the genome composition differences among 81 serogroup C isolates which were isolated from 14 provinces of China during 1966—2005. The com-parative genomic hybridization (CGH) result shows that the genome compositions of nearly all sero-group C isolates are similar to that of 053442. The products of many absent open reading frames (ORFs) are conserved hypothetical proteins. The results will provide a valuable resource from which one can analyze the genome composition and genetic background of serogroup C meningococci in China.     

Comparison between gene expression of conidia and germinating phase in Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is a dominating superficial dermatophyte, whose conidial germination is correlated to pathopoiesis and a highly important developmental process. To investigate the changes of physiology, biochemistry and cytology during the germination, we selected 3364 function identified ESTs from T. rubrum cDNA library to construct cDNA microarrays, and compared the gene expression levels of conidia and germinating phase. Data analysis indicated that 335 genes were up-regulated during the germination, which mainly encoded translated, modified proteins and structural proteins. The constituents of cell wall and cell membrane were synthetized abundantly, suggesting that they are the foundation of cell morphogenesis. The ingredients of the two-component signal transduction system were up-regulated, presuming that they were important for the conidial germination. Genes of various metabolic pathways were expressed prosperously, especially the genes that participated in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were up-regulated on the whole, demonstrating that in the environment with sufficient oxygen and glucose, conidia obtained energy through aerobic respiration. This paper provides important clues which are helpful to understanding the changes in gene expression, signal conduction and metabolism characteristics during T. rubrum conidial germination, and possess significant meaning to the study of other superficial dermatophytes. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2001AA223021) and National Key Technologies R&D Programme (Grant No. 2002BA711A14)     

植物蔗糖转运蛋白的基因与功能

蔗糖是植物体内碳水化合物长距离转运的主要( 甚至唯一) 形式, 为植物生长发育提供碳架与能量。蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporter, SUT)负责蔗糖的跨膜运输, 在韧皮部介导的源-库蔗糖运输, 以及库组织的蔗糖供给中起关键作用。自从菠菜中克隆到第一个SUT基因以来, 已先后有多个SUT基因的cDNA得到克隆与功能分析, 涉及34种双子叶与单子叶植物。每种植物都有一个中等规模 的SUT基因家族, 其不同成员之间具有较高的氨基酸序列同源性, 但在蔗糖吸收的动力学特性、转运底物的特异性和表达谱等方面存在差异。本文系统介绍国内外(主要是国外)在植物SUT基因的克隆、分类与进化、细胞定位与功能, 以及研究方法等方面的研究进展, 并简要介绍我们在橡胶树SUT基因研究上的初步结果。