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71.
Congcong Liu Chao Shi Sujie Zhu Risheng Wei Chang-Cheng Yin 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2019,508(1):289-294
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis (IsPETase) can be used to degrade PET. In order to use IsPETase in industry, we studied the enzymatic activity of IsPETase in different conditions containing environmental and physicochemical factors commonly found in nature. We observed that salts and glycerol enhanced the enzymatic activity, while detergents and organic solvents reduced the enzymatic activity. IsPETase hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl (p-NP) esters instead of naphthyl esters. To make IsPETase an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing naphthyl esters, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out based on the structural information provided by the crystal structure. We found that the IsPETaseS93M, IsPETaseW159F, and IsPETaseN241F mutants can hydrolyze naphthyl esters. IsPETase engineering can direct researchers to use this α/β-hydrolase protein scaffold to design enzymes that can hydrolyze a variety of polyesters. 相似文献
72.
中国淡水养殖池塘环境生态修复技术研究评述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
传统的淡水池塘养殖所面临的环境问题日益严重,池塘环境生态修复技术的研究正蓬勃兴起.以“鱼-菜共生”模式为代表的原位修复技术和以循环水养殖模式为代表的异位修复技术是当前研究的重点.本文从水体富营养化的角度,以池塘氮循环为切入点,评述了这两种养殖池塘环境生态修复模式的优缺点,并对其涉及的面积配置关系进行了探讨.评述结果认为,只能通过“鱼-菜共生”模式降低池塘养殖的产排污系数,但通过推广该模式实现全国池塘养殖生态收支的平衡是困难的.虽然循环水养殖模式无法避免产生额外的经济成本和土地资源,但在局部地区,特别是富营养化严重的区域,其零排放的特点使其推广应用有一定的生态价值. 相似文献
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74.
Pyrosequencing Reveals Contrasting Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Two Main Winter Wheat Cropping Systems in China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Jun Zhao Ruifu Zhang Chao Xue Weibing Xun Li Sun Yangchun Xu Qirong Shen 《Microbial ecology》2014,67(2):443-453
Microbes are key components of the soil environment, playing an important role in maintaining soil health, sustainability, and productivity. The composition and structure of soil bacterial communities were examined in winter wheat–rice (WR) and winter wheat–maize (WM) cropping systems derived from five locations in the Low-Middle Yangtze River plain and the Huang-Huai-Hai plain by pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. A total of 102,367 high quality sequences were used for multivariate statistical analysis and to test for correlation between community structure and environmental variables such as crop rotations, soil properties, and locations. The most abundant phyla across all soil samples were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Similar patterns of bacterial diversity and community structure were observed within the same cropping systems, and a higher relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria was found in WR compared to WM cropping systems. Variance partitioning analysis revealed complex relationships between bacterial community and environmental variables. The effect of crop rotations was low but significant, and interactions among soil properties, locations, and crop rotations accounted for most of the explained variation in the structure of bacterial communities. Soil properties such as pH, available P, and available K showed higher correlations (positive or negative) with the majority of the abundant taxa. Bacterial diversity (the Shannon index) and richness (Chao1 and ACE) were higher under WR than WM cropping systems. 相似文献
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77.
通过对刚毛柽柳转录组分析,克隆获得了一条与S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因同源性高的基因,命名为ThSAMS。序列分析结果表明:ThSASM基因全长cDNA为1185bp,编码394个氨基酸,编码蛋白相对分子质量为97.85kDa,理论等电点为5.02。通过生物信息学分析表明,ThSASM基因编码的氨基酸与其他物种SAMS基因编码的氨基酸具有很高的同源性,其中与枣的同源性最高,达95%。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitativereal-timePCR,qRT-PCR)分析表明,ThSASM表达受NaCl、聚乙二醇(PEG)和ABA处理做出应答,暗示ThSASM可能参与了刚毛柽柳对盐和干旱的胁迫应答,为进一步研究SAMS基因在植物胁迫应答中的功能及作用机制提供了参考依据。 相似文献
78.
Erika J. Fong Chao Huang Julie Hamilton William J. Benett Mihail Bora Alison Burklund Thomas R. Metz Maxim Shusteff 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2015,(105)
A major advantage of microfluidic devices is the ability to manipulate small sample volumes, thus reducing reagent waste and preserving precious sample. However, to achieve robust sample manipulation it is necessary to address device integration with the macroscale environment. To realize repeatable, sensitive particle separation with microfluidic devices, this protocol presents a complete automated and integrated microfluidic platform that enables precise processing of 0.15–1.5 ml samples using microfluidic devices. Important aspects of this system include modular device layout and robust fixtures resulting in reliable and flexible world to chip connections, and fully-automated fluid handling which accomplishes closed-loop sample collection, system cleaning and priming steps to ensure repeatable operation. Different microfluidic devices can be used interchangeably with this architecture. Here we incorporate an acoustofluidic device, detail its characterization, performance optimization, and demonstrate its use for size-separation of biological samples. By using real-time feedback during separation experiments, sample collection is optimized to conserve and concentrate sample. Although requiring the integration of multiple pieces of equipment, advantages of this architecture include the ability to process unknown samples with no additional system optimization, ease of device replacement, and precise, robust sample processing. 相似文献
79.
用两个不抗虫和一个抗虫的核不育系为母本,用抗虫品系为父本,配制3个杂交组合(GA×HB、GA5×R27、GA18×HB),研究分析杂交种的抗虫性、产量性状和纤维品质.结果表明3个杂交组合均高抗棉红铃虫,GA5×R27和GA18×HB以及GA×HB分别抗、中抗棉铃虫;3个组合的产量和纤维品质均优于对照.用核不育系作母本,特别是用抗虫核不育系作母本生产抗虫杂种,比用人工去雄生产杂种种子成本低,且有较好的抗虫性和丰产性,因而在棉花生产上具有更加广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
80.
Decreased methylation of the major mouse long interspersed repeated DNA during aging and in myeloma cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sequences of DNA that hybridize on Southern blots with cloned EcoR1 1.3 kb (ER1) of long interspersed repeated sequence (L1Md) of mouse have been examined in genomic DNA of neonatal mice, livers and brains of adult mice (3, 10, 27, and 30 mo old), and the solid myeloma tumor MOPC-315. The isoschizomers Hpa II (CCGG or mCCGG) and Msp I (CCGG or CmCGG) were used to assess methylation. We found that the L1Md sequence is fully methylated in young animals but demethylated in myeloma. Demethylation of L1Md sequence also occurred in aged animals. By scanning the autoradiogram, we found that approximately 8% of the 10(4)-10(5) copies have been demethylated in 27-mo-old liver. 相似文献