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Background and Aims
Evidence shows that plants modify their microbial environment leading to the “crop rotation effect”, but little is known about the changes in rhizobacterial community structure and functionality associated with beneficial rotation effects.Methods
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 454 GS FLX amplicon pyrosequencing were used to describe the composition of the rhizobacterial community evolving under the influence of pea, a growth promoting rotation crop, and the influence of three genotypes of chickpea, a plant known as an inferior rotation crop. The growth promoting properties of these rhizobacterial communities were tested on wheat in greenhouse assays.Results
The rhizobacterial communities selected by pea and the chickpea CDC Luna in 2008, a wet year, promoted durum wheat growth, but those selected by CDC Vanguard or CDC Frontier had no growth-promoting effect. In 2009, a dry year, the influence of plants was mitigated, indicated that moisture availability is a major driver of soil bacterial community dynamics.Conclusion
The effect of pulse crops on soil biological quality varies with the crop species and genotypes, and certain chickpea genotypes may induce positive rotation effects on wheat. The strength of a rotation effect on soil biological quality is modulated by the abundance of precipitation. 相似文献54.
Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (marula), a keystone large tree species in southern Africa and heavily utilized by people and herbivores, is declining at an unprecedented rate in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Due to increasing concerns over large tree declines in the KNP, mirroring those in eastern Africa over the last 50 years, and local extinctions of marula populations in the north‐western KNP, adult trees in the southern KNP were monitored between 2001 and 2010. Annual mortality rates across all adult size classes ranged between 3.2 and 4.6%. Loss of adult marula trees in some areas over the last decade exceeded 25%. Rainfall had a strong influence on mortality rates temporally and spatially, but the distance to the nearest perennial river had little influence. Overall, marula populations continue to decline and further local extinctions are possible. Given the clearly unacceptable trends of decline, the next step is to utilize this information (i) to develop predictive models for the future dynamics of marula populations incorporating all drivers; (ii) to advocate active management of refugia within the park where marula populations are protected from elephant impacts; and in combination with (iii) continued monitoring. 相似文献
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Anne Décor Chantal Grand-Maître Oliver Hucke Jeff O’Meara Cyrille Kuhn Léa Constantineau -Forget Christian Brochu Eric Malenfant Mégan Bertrand-Laperle Josée Bordeleau Elise Ghiro Marc Pesant Gulrez Fazal Vida Gorys Michael Little Colette Boucher Sylvain Bordeleau Pascal Turcotte Annick Gauthier 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(13):3841-3847
We describe here the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antiviral compounds acting against human rhinovirus (HRV). A series of aminothiazoles demonstrated pan-activity against the HRV genotypes screened and productive structure–activity relationships. A comprehensive investigational library was designed and performed allowing the identification of potent compounds with lower molecular weight and improved ADME profile. 31d-1, 31d-2, 31f showed good exposures in CD-1 mice. The mechanism of action was discovered to be a host target: the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KIIIß). The identification of the pan-HRV active compound 31f combined with a structurally distinct literature compound T-00127-HEV1 allowed the assessment of target related tolerability of inhibiting this kinase for a short period of time in order to prevent HRV replication. 相似文献
57.
Markus Geisen Chantal Billard Alexandra Broerse Lluisa Cros Ian Probert Jeremy Young 《欧洲藻类学杂志》2013,48(4):531-550
New holococcolith-heterococcolith life-cycle associations are documented based on observations of combination coccospheres. Daktylethra pirus is shown to be a life-cycle phase of Syracosphaera pulchra and Syracolithus quadriperforatus a life-cycle phase of Calcidiscus leptoporus. In addition, new observations from cultures confirm the life-cycle associations of Crystallolithus braarudii with Coccolithus pelagicus and of Zygosphaera hellenica with Coronosphaera mediterranea. In all four cases previous work has shown that the heterococcolithophorid species is associated with another holococcolithophorid. Two other examples of a heterococcolithophorid being associated with two holococcolithophorids have previously been identified, so this seems to be a common phenomenon. The six examples are reviewed to determine whether a single underlying mechanism is likely to be responsible for all cases. It is concluded that there is no single mechanism but rather that the six examples fall into three categories: (a) in two cases the holococcolith types are probably simply ecophenotypic morphotypes; (b) in two other cases the holococcolith types are discrete and are paralleled by morphometric differences in the heterococcolith types; (c) in the final two cases the holococcolith types are discrete but are not paralleled by any obvious morphological variation in the heterococcolith morphology. We infer that cryptic speciation may be widespread in heterococcolithophorid phases and that study of holococcolithophorid phases can provide key data to elucidate this phenomenon. 相似文献
58.
Chantal Sellier Fernande Freyermuth Ricardos Tabet Tuan Tran Fang He Frank Ruffenach Violaine Alunni Herve Moine Christelle Thibault Adeline Page Flora Tassone Rob Willemsen Matthew D. Disney Paul J. Hagerman Peter K. Todd Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand 《Cell reports》2013,3(3):869-880
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59.
Jacques Amar Céline Lange Ga?lle Payros Celine Garret Chantal Chabo Olivier Lantieri Michael Courtney Michel Marre Marie Aline Charles Beverley Balkau Rémy Burcelin D.E.S.I.R. Study Group 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Aim
We recently described a human blood microbiome and a connection between this microbiome and the onset of diabetes. The aim of the current study was to assess the association between blood microbiota and incident cardiovascular disease.Methods and Results
D.E.S.I.R. is a longitudinal study with the primary aim of describing the natural history of the metabolic syndrome and its complications. Participants were evaluated at inclusion and at 3-, 6-, and 9-yearly follow-up visits. The 16S ribosomal DNA bacterial gene sequence, that is common to the vast majority of bacteria (Eubac) and a sequence that mostly represents Proteobacteria (Pbac), were measured in blood collected at baseline from 3936 participants. 73 incident cases of acute cardiovascular events, including 30 myocardial infarctions were recorded. Eubac was positively correlated with Pbac (r = 0.59; P<0.0001). In those destined to have cardiovascular complications, Eubac was lower (0.14±0.26 vs 0.12±0.29 ng/µl; P = 0.02) whereas a non significant increase in Pbac was observed. In multivariate Cox analysis, Eubac was inversely correlated with the onset of cardiovascular complications, (hazards ratio 0.50 95% CI 0.35–0.70) whereas Pbac (1.56, 95%CI 1.12–2.15) was directly correlated.Conclusion
Pbac and Eubac were shown to be independent markers of the risk of cardiovascular disease. This finding is evidence for the new concept of the role played by blood microbiota dysbiosis on atherothrombotic disease. This concept may help to elucidate the relation between bacteria and cardiovascular disease. 相似文献60.
Olivier Lambert Mélanie Piroux Sophie Puyo Chantal Thorin Monique L'Hostis Laure Wiest Audrey Buleté Frédéric Delbac Hervé Pouliquen 《PloS one》2013,8(6)