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41.
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Faham S Yang D Bare E Yohannan S Whitelegge JP Bowie JU 《Journal of molecular biology》2004,335(1):297-305
The molecular forces that stabilize membrane protein structure are poorly understood. To investigate these forces we introduced alanine substitutions at 24 positions in the B helix of bacteriorhodopsin and examined their effects on structure and stability. Although most of the results can be rationalized in terms of the folded structure, there are a number of surprises. (1) We find a remarkably high frequency of stabilizing mutations (17%), indicating that membrane proteins are not highly optimized for stability. (2) Helix B is kinked, with the kink centered around Pro50. The P50A mutation has no effect on stability, however, and a crystal structure reveals that the helix remains bent, indicating that tertiary contacts dominate in the distortion of this helix. (3) We find that the protein is stabilized by about 1kcal/mol for every 38A(2) of surface area buried, which is quite similar to soluble proteins in spite of their dramatically different environments. (4) We find little energetic difference, on average, in the burial of apolar surface or polar surface area, implying that van der Waals packing is the dominant force that drives membrane protein folding. 相似文献
43.
铁代谢与铁调素hepcidin 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
铁是机体必需的营养元素。然而,铁过载则导致细胞的损伤。由于生物体缺少排泄铁的机制,因而,肠铁吸收的调控便成为维持机体铁稳态的关键。新近研究发现hepcidin对机体铁稳态的调节起着至关重要的作用,被人们称为铁调节激素。Hepcidin主要在肝细胞中合成,之后分泌至血液将体内铁需要的信号传至小肠,调控肠铁的吸收。这一过程主要通过调节小肠铁转运相关蛋白的表达而实现。任何影响hepcidin表达的因素都可能破坏体内的铁平衡,造成铁代谢相关疾病。 相似文献
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模拟氮沉降对温带典型森林土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响* 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过室内模拟氮沉降试验,研究了氮沉降对温带典型森林土壤有效氮的影响.结果表明:试验期间,与对照相比,经过氮沉降处理的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和有效氮均呈增长的趋势,增加的程度取决于森林类型、土层、氮处理类型和氮处理的持续时间.氮沉降对不同林型土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响不同,氮沉降对混交林的影响弱于阔叶林,强于针叶人工纯林;土壤A层对氮沉降的敏感程度大于土壤B层;铵态氮形态沉降对土壤铵态氮含量的影响比对土壤硝态氮含量的影响大,而硝态氮形态沉降对土壤硝态氮含量的影响比对土壤铵态氮含量的影响大,混合形态的氮沉降对二者均有促进作用,且增加幅度更高;氮沉降对土壤有效氮的影响存在累加效应. 相似文献
46.
Suxia Li Bin Li Haoran Jiang Yao Wang Mingli Qu Haoyun Duan Qingjun Zhou Weiyun Shi 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Purpose
Macrophages have been shown to play a critical role in the wound healing process. In the present study, the role of macrophages in wound healing after autologous corneal transplantation was investigated by depleting local infiltrated macrophages.Methods
Autologous corneal transplantation model was used to induce wound repair in Balb/c mice. Macrophages were depleted by sub-conjunctival injections of clodronate-containing liposomes (Cl2MDP-LIP). The presence of CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages, α-smooth muscle actin+ (α-SMA+) myofibroblasts, CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and NG2 + pericytes was examined by immunohistochemical and corneal whole-mount staining 14 days after penetrating keratoplasty. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Balb/c mice and transfused into conjunctiva to examine the recovery role of macrophages depletion on wound healing after autologous corneal transplantation.Results
Sub-conjunctival Cl2MDP-LIP injection significantly depleted the corneal resident phagocytes and infiltrated macrophages into corneal stroma. Compared with the mice injected with PBS-liposome, the Cl2MDP-LIP-injected mice showed few inflammatory cells, irregularly distributed extracellular matrix, ingrowth of corneal epithelium into stroma, and even the detachment of donor cornea from recipient. Moreover, the number of macrophages, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and pericytes was also decreased in the junction area between the donor and recipient cornea in macrophage-depleted mice. Peritoneal macrophages transfusion recovered the defect of corneal wound healing caused by macrophages depletion.Conclusions
Macrophage depletion significantly impairs wound healing after autologous corneal transplantation through at least partially impacting on angiogenesis and wound closure. 相似文献47.
Hameed Gul Mengya Qian Mohammad G. Arabzai Tianhui Huang Qiannan Ma Fangyu Xing Wan Cao Tingting Liu Hong Duan Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu 《Phyton》2022,91(7):1429-1443
Kernel size-related traits, including kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness, are critical components in determining yield and kernel quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Dissecting the phenotypic characteristics of these traits, and discovering the candidate chromosomal regions for these traits, are of potential importance for maize yield and quality improvement. In this study, a total of 139 F2:3 family lines derived from EHel and B73, a distinct line with extremely low ear height (EHel), was used for phenotyping and QTL mapping of three kernel size-related traits, including 10-kernel length (KL), 10-kernel width (KWid), and 10-kernel thickness (KT). The results showed that only one QTL for KWid, i.e., qKWid9 on Chr9, with a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 13.4% was detected between SNPs of AX-86298371 and AX-86298372, while no QTLs were detected for KL and KT across all 10 chromosomes. Four bulked groups of family lines, i.e., Groups I to IV, were constructed with F2:3 family lines according to the phenotypic comparisons of KWid between EHel and B73. Among these four groups, Group I possessed a significantly lower KWid than EHel (P = 0.0455), Group II was similar to EHel (P = 0.34), while both Group III and Group IV were statistically higher than EHel (P < 0.05). Besides, except Group IV exhibited a similar KWid to B73 (P = 0.11), KWid of Groups I to III were statistically lower than B73 (P < 0.00). By comparing the bulked genotypes of the four groups to EHel and B73, a stable chromosomal region on Chr9 between SNPs of AX-86298372 to AX-86263154, entirely covered by qKWid9, was identified to link KWid with the positive allele of increasing phenotypic effect to KWid from B73, similar to that of qKWid9. A large amount of enzyme activity and macromolecule binding-related genes were annotated within this chromosomal region, suggesting qKWid9 as a potential QTL for KWid in maize. 相似文献
48.
目的:观察针对TGF-βRⅡ的干扰RNA对TGF-βRⅡ表达的抑制作用,探讨RNA干扰TGF-βRⅡ的方法对肾问质纤维化的抑制作用.方法:PCR方法扩增TGF-βRⅡ的cDNA序列,将全长的TGF-βRⅡ cDNA插入pcDNA3中,构建TGF-βRⅡ的真核表达栽体,酶切、测序及间接免疫荧光鉴定;根据TGF-βRⅡ的设计针对TGF-βRⅡ的干扰RNA,构建针对TGF-βRⅡ的RNA干扰质粒pSUPER-TGF-βR Ⅱ并进行酶切及测序鉴定;脂质体介导针对TGF-βR Ⅱ的RNA干扰质粒和TGF-β RⅡ的真核表达载体共转染293T细胞,western-blot检测293细胞内TGF-β R Ⅱ的表达.结果:pcDNA3-TGF-βRⅡ测序结果显示TGF-βRⅡ基因未发生突变.间接免疫荧光检测TGF-βRⅡ在293T细胞内的表达;测序显示RNA干扰质粒pSUPER-TGF-βRⅡ序列正确,RNA干扰质粒明显抑制293T细胞内TGF-βRⅡ的表达.结论:成功构建了TGF-βRⅡ的真核表达载体及针对TGF-βRⅡ的RNA干扰质粒,RNA干扰质粒能够抑制TGF-βRⅡ的表达,为进一步研究针对TGF-βRⅡ的RNA干扰对肾纤维化的预防及治疗作用提供有用工具. 相似文献
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50.
Wang Tianming Huang Weifeng Duan Qiangjun Wang Jian Cheng Huijuan Shao Jing Li Fang Wu Daqiang 《Molecular biology reports》2019,46(1):471-477
Molecular Biology Reports - Biofilm dispersion is the last step in the development of biofilms, and allows bacteria to spawn novel biofilms in new locales. In the previous studies, we found that... 相似文献