Development of mechanistically based model for simulating soluble microbial products generation in an aerated/non-aerated SBR

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are considered as the main organic components in wastewater treatment plant effluent from biological wastewater treatment systems. To investigate and explore SMP metabolism pathway for further treatment and control, two innovative mechanistically based activated sludge models were developed by extension of activated sludge model no.3 (ASM3). One was the model by combining SMP formation and degradation (ASM3-SMP model) processes with ASM3, and the other by combining both SMP and simultaneous substrate storage and growth (SSSG) mechanisms with ASM3 (SSSG-ASM3-SMP model). The detailed schematic modification and process supplements were introduced for comprehensively understanding all the mechanisms involved in the activated sludge process. The evaluations of these two models were demonstrated by a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under aerated/non-aerated conditions. The simulated and measured results indicated that SMP comprised about 83% of total soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in which biomass-associated products (BAPs) were predominant compared with utilization-associated products (UAPs). It also elucidated that there should be a minimum SMP value as the reactive time increases continuously and this conclusion could be used to optimize effluent SCOD in activated sludge processes. The comparative results among ASM3, ASM3-SMP and SSSG-ASM3-SMP models and the experimental measurements (SCOD, ammonia and nitrate nitrogen) showed clearly the best agreement with SSSG-ASM3-SMP simulation values (R = 0.993), strongly suggesting that both SMP formation and degradation and SSSG mechanisms are necessary in biologically activated sludge modeling for municipal wastewater treatment.     

黄土高原常见造林树种光合蒸腾特征

为改善黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失现状,该区长期以来开展了大量的植被建设,但是,植物的适应性及生长状况如何,还不十分清楚。为探讨造林树种对环境的适应性,从光合、蒸腾和生理生态指标出发,对黄土高原3个主要退耕还林树种：刺槐、沙棘、山杏的适应性进行了研究,并对其适宜性进行了评价。研究结果表明：沙棘不同坡位最大净光合速率Pmax、光补偿点LSP较其它两个树种占明显优势,特别是在上坡位Pmax、LSP分别达到了22.8μmol·m^-2s^-1、520μmol·m^-2s^-1,具有较高的同化代谢能力,该物种较适应该地区的强光环境,适宜种植于阳坡或坡顶;山杏LSP相对较低,而表观量子效率α明显高于沙棘、刺槐,并在下坡位达到最大值0.069,说明它主要利用弱光进行光合作用,适宜种植于阴坡或坡脚等弱光环境中,但由于山杏水分利用效率WUE较低,可能对环境带来不良影响,山杏叶片含水量为65.1%,明显高于其它两个树种,而叶绿素含量仅为0.94mg/g与刺槐沙棘的2.34mg/g和2.00mg/g相差很大,这可能是导致其WUE较低的一个原因;刺槐在上坡位的光合生理参数与山杏相差不大,但是随坡位下降其α、净光合速率Pn较山杏明显偏低各个坡位受限明显,容易形成老头树。     

Flexible Solar Thermal Fuel Devices: Composites of Fabric and a Photoliquefiable Azobenzene Derivative

Controllable storage and release of solar energy has always been a highlighted scientific issue for its benefit of mankind. Solar thermal fuels (STFs) supply a closed cycle and renewable energy‐storage strategy by transforming solar energy into chemical energy stored in the conformation of molecular isomers, such as cis/trans‐azobenzene, and releasing it as heat under various stimuli. Although the potential high energy density of the STFs which are based on the hybrids of azobenzene derivatives and carbon nanomaterials has been reported the solvent‐assistant charging hinders their practicability. In this study, a solid‐state STF device is designed and fabricated by compositing one photoliquefiable azobenzene (PLAZ) derivative with a flexible fabric template. The photoinduced phase transition of the PLAZ derivative enables the charging of the flexible STFs to be totally solvent‐free. Interestingly, the energy‐storage capacity (energy density ≈201 J g^?1) of flexible PLAZ STFs has been improved by the soft fabric template. The exothermic situation is monitored with one infrared camera, which shows 4 °C temperature difference between charged and discharged samples under blue light stimulus. The flexible STFs are may be used in practice as heating equipment.     

日本绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞的研究

甲壳动物血淋巴细胞具有吞噬异物的功能,其种类、数量与其免疫功能密切相关。       

Efficient mucosal vaccination mediated by the neonatal Fc receptor

Almost all infectious diseases are initiated at mucosal surfaces, yet intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccination usually provides only minimal protection at sites of infection owing to suboptimal activation of the mucosal immune system. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) mediates the transport of IgG across polarized epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces. We mimicked this process by fusing a model antigen, herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein gD, to an IgG Fc fragment. Intranasal immunization, together with the adjuvant CpG, completely protected wild-type, but not FcRn knockout, mice after intravaginal challenge with virulent HSV-2 186. This immunization strategy induced efficient mucosal and systemic antibody, B- and T-cell immune responses, with stable protection for at least 6 months after vaccination in most of the immunized animals. The FcRn-IgG transcellular transport pathway may provide a general delivery route for subunit vaccines against many mucosal pathogens.     

Reproduction systems of representatives of the genus Rosa L. under conditions of continental climate

The features of reproductive biology of rose plants from the sections Caninae Crep., Indocae Thory, Cinnamomae DC., Synstylae DC. were studied by cytological methods and with the help of scanning electron microscopy for many years. The results obtained are reported.     

长时程增强诱导和维持过程中海马CA1区神经细胞粘附分子蛋白水平与mRNA表达的变化

既往研究发现,神经细胞粘附分子(neural cell adhesion molecules,NCAM)对海马CA1区突触传递长时程增强(longterm potentiation,LTP)的诱导和维持极为关键。本文采用原位杂交法和Western blot法,观察了大鼠海马腑片LTP诱导和维持过程中NCAM mRNA和蛋白水平的动态变化过程。结果显示,强直刺激诱发fEPSP斜率升高10 min时,海马CA1区NCAM mRNA染色阳性神经元数量显著增加(76.6±11.5个),NCAM蛋白水平亦明显升高(7.190±0.64任意单位/50μg蛋白)。强直刺激诱发fEPSP斜率升高1 h时,NCAM mRNA染色阳性神经元数量为73.3±14.0个,NCAM蛋白量为9.031±0.71任意单位/50 μg蛋白;与强直刺激后10 min比较,NCAM mRNA表达无显著变化,而NCAM蛋白水平变化明显。NMDA受体特异阻断剂AP-5在损害LTP的同时,显著抑制NCAM mRNA和蛋白的增加。实验结果表明,在大鼠海马LTP诱导和维持过程中,NCAM mRNA增强的表达相对稳定,而NCAM蛋白水平呈现先低后高的变化。     

外源基因表达造成的群体感应细菌生存压力的建模分析

外源基因的表达及其对细菌种群的影响对于群体感应系统和合成生物学产业的研究具有重要意义。然而,人们对于表达外源蛋白的细菌本身的行为模式仍然知之甚少。为了研究菌落生长和外源基因表达的过程究竟受到哪些因素的影响,文中测量了受Lux类受体调控的外源基因在N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯 (N-acyl homoserine lactone,N-AHL) 信号分子诱导下的表达,并模拟了其对细菌种群动态的影响。文中建立了一个假设性的数学模型,对信号分子诱导表达下细菌种群生长受影响的现象进行了分析。先前的研究通常将细菌种群生长受群体感应系统影响的现象归咎于合成群体感应信号分子的消耗与N-AHL信号分子的毒性,文中提供了对于这种生存压力的另一种可能的解释。     

Comparative Effects of Hispidulin,Genistein, and Icariin with Estrogen on Bone Tissue in Ovariectomized Rats

Icariin, Genistein, and Hispidulin have been proven to have estrogen-like and antiosteoporotic activity and can be potentially used for the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study found that Icariin, Genistein, and Hispidulin treatments, emulating estrogen, significantly contributed to bone density. Comparative effects of Icariin, Genistein, and Hispidulin with estrogen on in ovariectomized rats were investigated. Our results showed that genistein was found to have superior bone protective effects against osteoporosis among genistein, Icariin, and Hispidulin.