负荷剂量氯吡格雷治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死

目的:观察标准治疗基础上联合负荷剂量氯吡格雷治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的疗效及安全性。方法:106例12小时以内发病的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为2组,2组均在入院后前3天给予阿司匹林300 mg.d~(-1),此后给予阿司匹林100 mg.d~(-1),A组不给予氯吡格雷治疗,B组入院即刻给予氯吡格雷300 mg,继之75 mg.d~(-1)治疗,平均随访30天。观察溶栓血管再通率、梗死后心绞痛发作、心力衰竭事件及死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点。结果:与A组相比,B组患者溶栓血管再通率显著提高、梗死后心绞痛发作明显减少;而在心力衰竭事件及死亡、再发心肌梗死、或脑卒中的联合终点的比较上差异无显著性意义。2组均无主要和次要出血事件发生,轻微出血发生率无统计学差异。结论:急性ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者,不论是否接受择期的冠脉介入治疗(PCI),在标准治疗的基础上早期加用氯吡格雷300mg负荷量,继之75 mg.d~(-1)口服,可显著提高溶栓成功率、降低梗死后心绞痛发作,且安全耐受性好。     

Local hypothermia during early reperfusion protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Amputated tissue maintained in a hypothermic environment can endure prolonged ischemia and improve replantation success. The authors hypothesized that local tissue hypothermia during the early reperfusion period may provide a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury similar to that seen when hypothermia is provided during the ischemic period. A rat gracilis muscle flap model was used to assess the protective effects of exposing skeletal muscle to local hypothermia during ischemia only (p = 18), reperfusion only (p = 18), and both ischemia and reperfusion (p = 18). Gracilis muscles were isolated and exposed to hypothermia of 10 degrees C during 4 hours of ischemia, the initial 3 hours of reperfusion, or both periods. Ischemia-reperfusion outcome measures used to evaluate muscle flap injury included muscle viability (percent nitroblue tetrazolium staining), local edema (wet-to-dry weight ratio), neutrophil infiltration (intramuscular neutrophil density per high-power field), neutrophil integrin expression (CD11b mean fluorescence intensity), and neutrophil oxidative potential (dihydro-rhodamine oxidation mean fluorescence intensity) after 24 hours of reperfusion. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining demonstrated improved muscle viability in the experimental groups (ischemia-only: 78.8 +/- 3.5 percent, p < 0.001; reperfusion-only: 80.2 +/- 5.2 percent, p < 0.001; and ischemia-reperfusion: 79.6 +/- 7.6 percent, p < 0.001) when compared with the nonhypothermic control group (50.7 +/- 9.3 percent). The experimental groups demonstrated decreased local muscle edema (4.09 +/- 0.30, 4.10 +/- 0.19, and 4.04 +/- 0.31 wet-to-dry weight ratios, respectively) when compared with the nonhypothermic control group (5.24 +/- 0.31 wet-to-dry weight ratio; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CD11b expression was significantly decreased in the reperfusion-only (32.65 +/- 8.75 mean fluorescence intensity, p < 0.001) and ischemia-reperfusion groups (25.26 +/- 5.32, p < 0.001) compared with the nonhypothermic control group (62.69 +/- 16.93). There was not a significant decrease in neutrophil CD11b expression in the ischemia-only group (50.72 +/- 11.7 mean fluorescence intensity, p = 0.281). Neutrophil infiltration was significantly decreased in the reperfusion-only (20 +/- 11 counts per high-power field, p = 0.025) and ischemia-reperfusion groups (23 +/- 3 counts, p = 0.041) compared with the nonhypothermic control group (51 +/- 28 counts). No decrease in neutrophil density was observed in the ischemia-only group (40 +/- 15 counts per high-power field, p = 0.672) when compared with the nonhypothermic control group (51 +/- 28 counts). Finally, dihydrorhodamine oxidation was significantly decreased in the reperfusion-only group (45.83 +/- 11.89 mean fluorescence intensity, p = 0.021) and ischemia-reperfusion group (44.30 +/- 11.80, p = 0.018) when compared with the nonhypothermic control group (71.74 +/- 20.83), whereas no decrease in dihydrorhodamine oxidation was observed in the ischemia-only group (65.93 +/- 10.3, p = 0.982). The findings suggest a protective effect of local hypothermia during early reperfusion to skeletal muscle after an ischemic insult. Inhibition of CD11b expression and subsequent neutrophil infiltration and depression of neutrophil oxidative potential may represent independent protective mechanisms isolated to local tissue hypothermia during the early reperfusion period (reperfusion-only and ischemia-reperfusion groups). This study provides evidence for the potential clinical utility of administering local hypothermia to ischemic muscle tissue during the early reperfusion period.     

Virological survey of rhesus monkeys in China

A virological survey of rhesus monkeys captured in China for 13 viruses and/or antibodies was performed. Antigens used were SFV, SF40, HSV-1, Sa11, measles, vaccinia, epidemic or simian hemorrhagic fever, Langat, Kunming, poliomyelitis, HIV, SV41 and rubella. Monkeys were from Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Antibody was detected to all the listed viruses except HIV, SV41 and rubella. Both SFV and SV40 were recovered from monkeys, but H. simiae, LCM and coxsackieviruses were not.     

乳链菌肽高产菌株AL2的发酵条件研究

对乳链菌肽高产菌株ＡＬ２的发酵条件进行了研究,发现３０℃是产乳链菌肽的最适温度;蔗糖和酵母膏是最佳的碳、氮源,浓度分别为０．５％和１％。发酵培养基起始ｐＨ为６．５;锰离子对乳链菌肽的产生有促进作用,而铜离子却有严重的抑制作用。     

利用激光微束穿刺法将外源基因导入小麦的研究

用激光微束穿刺法将携带有新霉素磷酸转移酶（ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ）基因的质粒ｐＪＩＴ１０１导入京花１号小麦幼胚细胞。方法是将小麦幼胚细胞进行高渗缓冲液预处理,用微米级的激光微束处理,然后在卡那霉素培养基上筛选出具抗性的愈伤组织及绿色小植株。第一年,从１５０个小麦幼胚中,在卡那霉素培养基上筛选出４株绿苗,取两株进行ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ酶活性分析,测到了ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ酶的活性。第二年重复实验,从２４５个小麦幼胚中,经筛选获得１株绿苗,进行了叶片ＤＮＡＰＣＲ扩增检测,转化的绿色小苗扩增出所导入的ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ基因编码的片段。结果表明,外源ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ基因已导入了小麦,并实现了整合表达。     

Antibodies to the alpha-subunit of insulin receptor from eggs of immunized hens

Simple methods for the generation, purification, and assay of antibodies to the alpha-subunit of insulin receptor from eggs of immunized hens have been described. Chicken antibodies against the alpha-subunit inhibit insulin binding to the receptor and stimulate glucose oxidation as well as autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit. Thus the properties of chicken antibodies are very similar to those of antibodies found in human autoimmune diseases and different from rabbit antibodies obtained against the same antigen.     

Correlates of Self-Reported Sleep Duration in Middle-Aged and Elderly Koreans: from the Health Examinees Study

Though various factors related to fluctuations in sleep duration have been identified, information remains limited regarding the correlates of short and long sleep duration among the Korean population. Thus, we investigated characteristics that could be associated with short and/or long sleep duration among middle-aged and elderly Koreans. A total of 84,094 subjects (27,717 men and 56,377 women) who participated in the Health Examinees Study were analyzed by using multinomial logistic regression models. To evaluate whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, psychological conditions, anthropometry results, and health conditions were associated with short and/or long sleep duration, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with sleep duration of 6–7 hours as the reference group, accounting for putative covariates. Regardless of sexual differences, we found that adverse behaviors and lifestyle factors including low educational attainment, unemployment, being unmarried, current smoking status, lack of exercise, having irregular meals, poor psychosocial well-being, frequent stress events, and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with abnormal sleep duration. Similarly, diabetes mellitus and depression showed positive associations with abnormal sleep duration in both men and women. Our findings suggest that low sociodemographic characteristics, adverse lifestyle factors, poor psychological conditions, and certain disease morbidities could be associated with abnormal sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans.     

Targeting Hedgehog signaling pathway and autophagy overcomes drug resistance of BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia

The frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, drug resistance is the major clinical challenge in the treatment of CML. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and autophagy are both related to tumorigenesis, cancer therapy, and drug resistance. This study was conducted to explore whether the Hh pathway could regulate autophagy in CML cells and whether simultaneously regulating the Hh pathway and autophagy could induce cell death of drug-sensitive or -resistant BCR-ABL⁺ CML cells. Our results indicated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Hh pathway could markedly induce autophagy in BCR-ABL⁺ CML cells. Autophagic inhibitors or ATG5 and ATG7 silencing could significantly enhance CML cell death induced by Hh pathway suppression. Based on the above findings, our study demonstrated that simultaneously inhibiting the Hh pathway and autophagy could markedly reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis of imatinib-sensitive or -resistant BCR-ABL⁺ cells. Moreover, this combination had little cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, this combined strategy was related to PARP cleavage, CASP3 and CASP9 cleavage, and inhibition of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. In conclusion, this study indicated that simultaneously inhibiting the Hh pathway and autophagy could potently kill imatinib-sensitive or -resistant BCR-ABL⁺ cells, providing a novel concept that simultaneously inhibiting the Hh pathway and autophagy might be a potent new strategy to overcome CML drug resistance.     

土生空团菌对白云母的风化作用及解钾特性

摘要:【目的】为了提高森林土壤含钾硅酸盐矿物利用率和改善树木钾素营养,探讨外生菌根真菌对白云母矿物的解钾及风化效应。【方法】通过5种外生菌根真菌在贫钾条件下与白云母的相互作用,考察了3种常用培养基对菌株解钾能力的影响;采用解钾效果最高的土生空团菌在Modified Melin-Norkrans(MMN)培养基条件下,进一步研究了21d浸出过程中主要矿质元素的释放量、生物量、剩余葡萄糖量、产生的小分子有机酸种类及含量、菌丝-矿物微环境的改变,利用扫描电子显微镜观测白云母被风化的痕迹。【结果】培养基对不同外生菌根真菌解钾能力的影响各异,其中土生空团菌在MMN培养基条件下解钾能力最强,其解钾量与生物量、剩余葡萄糖量、pH值显著相关。土生空团菌能够分泌有助于菌丝-矿物粘附的胞外多糖以形成菌丝-矿物微环境,并富集有机酸,促进微环境内钾的释放;菌丝不仅能够粘附在白云母表面产生刻蚀作用,还能破坏矿物深入其内部。【结论】外生菌根真菌具有促进白云母风化并释放钾素的能力,这种能力可能与菌丝、有机酸、多糖的协同作用有关。