角蛋白酶生产菌株的分离筛选与鉴定

【目的】分离筛选具有高效脱毛能力的野生角蛋白酶生产菌株,开发无硫制革生物脱毛剂。【方法】以贮备原料皮的特定环境中的污水样品为菌株源、在含诱导物脱脂羊毛粉的培养基中的富集、筛选与评估其发酵液脱毛能力的多相筛选方法分离选育高产角蛋白酶野生菌株。通过形态学、生理生化特征,Biolog全自动分析以及16SrDNA基因序列分析等方法多尺度地鉴定目的菌株。【结果】定向筛选得到了一株高活力,无硫脱毛效率高的菌株。鉴定结果表明,该菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌属,故命名为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)X-47。【结论】应用多相定位选育技术筛选出的菌株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)X-47,产角蛋白酶活力高,脱毛效率高,对胶原作用力弱的特点,具有开发无硫脱毛生物助剂的潜力。     

Cell biological mechanism for triggering of ABA accumulation under water stress inVicia faba leaves

Water stress-induced ABA accumulation is a cellular signaling process from water stress perception to activation of genes encoding key enzymes of ABA biosynthesis, of which the water stress-signal perception by cells or triggering mechanism of the ABA accumulation is the center in the whole process of ABA related-stress signaling in plants. The cell biological mechanism for triggering of ABA accumulation under water stress was studied in leaves ofVicia faba. Mannitol at 890 mmol ·kg^-1 osmotic concentration induced an increase of more than 5 times in ABA concentration in detached leaf tissues, but the same concentration of mannitol only induced an increase of less than 40 % in ABA concentration in protoplasts. Like in detached leaf tissues, ABA concentration in isolated cells increased more than 10 times under the treatment of mannitol at 890 mmol · kg^-1 concentration, suggesting that the interaction between plasmalemma and cell wall was essential to triggering of the water stress-induced ABA accumulation. Neither Ca²⁺-chelating agent EGTA nor Ca²⁺channel activator A23187 nor the two cytoskeleton inhibitors, colchicine and cytochalasin B, had any effect on water stress-induced ABA accumulation. Interestingly water stress-induced ABA accumulation was effectively inhibited by a non-plasmalemma-permeable sulfhydryl-modifier PCMBS (p-chloromercuriphenyl-sulfonic acid), suggesting that plasmalemma protein(s) may be involved in the triggering of water stress-induced ABA accumulation, and the protein may contain sulfhydryl group at its function domain.     

人工鱼礁构建对海洋生态系统服务价值的影响——以深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区为例

基于深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区2008年的研究和统计数据,采用生态系统服务价值方法,系统分析了杨梅坑人工鱼礁建设对海洋生态系统的影响.结果表明:与深圳附近海域相比,杨梅坑人工鱼礁构建后旅游娱乐服务价值所占比例由87%降至42%,食品供给服务价值所占比例由7%升至27%,原材料供给、气候调节、空气质量调节、水质净化调节、有害生物和疾病的生物调节与控制、知识扩展服务价值所占比例少许提高;2008年,深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区单位面积服务价值为1714.7万元.km-2,远高于深圳市近海海洋生态系统的平均值和全球近海生态系统的平均值.人工鱼礁生态系统影响并改变了区域海洋生态系统服务价值结构,提高了区域生态系统服务价值,对于合理开发与利用海洋资源、修复受损的海洋生态环境和渔业资源有着重要意义.利用生态系统服务价值方法对人工鱼礁构建区进行评价,可以更好地反映人工鱼礁构建效益,能有效促进我国人工鱼礁建设的发展、提高海洋生态系统管理水平.     

Development of MHC Class I and II B Primers in Common Carp and its Molecular Characterization

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has an important role in immune response and is known as the most polymorphic locus in vertebrates. We developed three pairs of polymerase chain reaction primers of the alpha-2 domain (exon 3) of MHC class I and the beta-2 (exon 3) and beta-3 domains (exon 4) of MHC class II B gene in the German mirror common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). We analyzed the three loci in a population of 65 individuals that had suffered the serious disease of gill rot. Five to six variable nucleotide sites and two to six variable amino acid sites (71.43%) were detected in the exon sequence of the sampled populations, indicating that many of them corresponded to amino acids involved in antigen recognition. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were differentially found in some loci, which will be important for further study of disease resistance/susceptibility and population evolution.