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21.
Introduction
The vast difference in the abundance of different proteins in biological samples limits the determination of the complete proteome of a cell type, requiring fractionation of proteins and peptides before MS analysis. 相似文献22.
S. R. Chandramouli Karthikeyan Vasudevan S. Harikrishnan Sushil Kumar Dutta S. Jegath Janani Richa Sharma Indraneil Das Ramesh K. Aggarwal 《ZooKeys》2016,(555):57-90
A new bufonid amphibian, belonging to a new monotypic genus, is described from the Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, Republic of India, based on unique external morphological and skeletal characters which are compared with those of known Oriental and other relevant bufonid genera. Blythophryne
gen. n. is distinguished from other bufonid genera by its small adult size (mean SVL 24.02 mm), the presence of six presacral vertebrae, an absence of coccygeal expansions, presence of an elongated pair of parotoid glands, expanded discs at digit tips and phytotelmonous tadpoles that lack oral denticles. The taxonomic and phylogenetic position of the new taxon (that we named as Blythophryne
beryet
gen. et sp. n.) was ascertained by comparing its 12S and 16S partial genes with those of Oriental and other relevant bufonid lineages. Resulting molecular phylogeny supports the erection of a novel monotypic genus for this lineage from the Andaman Islands of India. 相似文献
23.
Pathways of acetone's metabolism in the rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K Kosugi R F Scofield V Chandramouli K Kumaran W C Schumann B R Landau 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1986,261(9):3952-3957
Distributions of 14C were different from those of 13C in glucoses formed by livers of rats in diabetic ketosis and perfused with [2-14C]acetone and [2-13C]lactate. There was 32-73% of the 14C and 8-12% of the 13C in carbons 3 and 4 of the glucoses with the remaining 14C and 13C distributed about equally in the other carbons. Incorporations of 14C from [2-14C]acetone (14-39%) also exceeded those from [2-14C]pyruvate (8-10%) into carbons 3 and 4 of glucoses formed by hepatocytes from rats fed acetone or fasted. [2-14C]Acetone and [2-14C]pyruvate were infused into rats that were fed, fasted, given acetone in their drinking water, or in diabetic ketosis. Thirty-seven to 52% of the 14C in the glucoses formed was in their carbons 3 and 4 when the acetone was infused and 8 to 14% when the pyruvate was infused. [1,3-14C]Hydroxybutyrate was formed by the rats in diabetic ketosis given [2-14C]acetone. It is concluded that acetone is metabolized in rats to a large extent by a pathway in which lactate or its metabolic equivalent is not an intermediate and that pathway is via acetyl-CoA. via acetyl-CoA. 相似文献
24.
Sowmyalakshmi Srinivasan Raj Kumar Srinivas Koduru Aaditya Chandramouli Chendil Damodaran 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2010,15(2):153-161
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor super family comprises of members that induce two distinct signaling cascades, leading
to either cell survival or apoptosis. However, in prostate cancer (PCa), TNF-mediated prosurvival signaling is the predominant
pathway that leads to cell survival and resistance to therapy. Although inhibition of TNF signaling by pharmacological agents
or monoclonal antibodies has gained importance in the field of cancer therapy, toxicity to normal cells has impaired their
extensive use for cancer treatment. We previously identified a natural, nontoxic compound psoralidin that inhibited viability
and induced apoptosis in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells. Thus, the goal of our study is to investigate
whether psoralidin inhibits TNF-mediated prosurvival signaling in AIPC cells. Our results suggest that psoralidin inhibits
constitutive and TNF-induced expression of TNF-α and its downstream prosurvival signaling molecules such as NF-κB and Bcl-2
in AIPC cells. On the other hand, psoralidin simultaneously induces the death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptotic signaling eventually
causing the activation of caspase cascade and resultant induction of apoptosis. Oral administration of psoralidin inhibits
expression of TNF-α and NF-κB/p65 in tumor sections, resulting in tumor regression in PC-3 xenografts. Our results suggest
that psoralidin inhibits TNF-mediated survival signaling in AIPC and thus is a potent therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. 相似文献
25.
26.
Previs SF Fatica R Chandramouli V Alexander JC Brunengraber H Landau BR 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2004,286(4):E665-E672
A method is introduced for quantitating protein synthetic rates in humans by use of (2)H(2)O. Its validity was tested in subjects with end-stage renal disease. Six clinically stable subjects, hemodialyzed three times weekly, ingested (2)H(2)O to a body water (2)H enrichment of approximately 0.4%. On dialysis, body water enrichment declined to approximately 0.1%. Enrichment of the alpha-hydrogen of plasma free alanine was also approximately 0.4% before and approximately 0.1% after dialysis. Beta-hydrogen enrichment was approximately 80-100% of alpha-hydrogen enrichment. (2)H(2)O was ingested to replace (2)H(2)O removed after each dialysis for 15-51 days, returning enrichment to approximately 0.4%. Enrichment of alanine from plasma albumin gradually increased, with again approximately 80-100% as much (2)H in beta- as in alpha-hydrogens. With continued dialyses, without (2)H(2)O replacement, alanine from albumin enrichment gradually declined, whereas free alanine and water enrichments were negligible. The fractional albumin synthesis rate, calculated from the increase in enrichment in alanine from albumin, was 4.0 +/- 0.5%/day, and from the decrease, 4.6 +/- 0.2%/day. Thus body water enrichment in a subject given (2)H(2)O can be maintained constant long term. A rapid exchange, essentially complete, occurs between the hydrogens of alanine and body water. An integrated measure over a long period of albumin's synthetic rate can be estimated from both the rise in enrichment of alanine from the protein during (2)H(2)O ingestion and fall on (2)H(2)O withdrawal, while the subject's living routine is uninterrupted. Estimates are in subjects with renal disease, but the method should be applicable to estimates of protein synthetic rates in normal subjects and in other pathological states. 相似文献
27.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes Online (ARGO): a Database on vancomycin and beta-lactam resistance genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vancomycin and beta-lactams are antibiotics that inhibit gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis. However, continuous use of antibiotics results in the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Here, we describe ARGO, a database containing gene sequences conferring resistance to these two classes of antibiotics. It is designed as a resource to enhance research on the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes. ARGO is the first attempt to compile the resistance gene sequence data with state specific information. AVAILABILITY: AGRO is available for free at http://www.argodb.org/ 相似文献
28.
Tsai MH Yan H Chen X Chandramouli GV Zhao S Coffin D Coleman CN Mitchell JB Chuang EY 《Molecular biotechnology》2005,29(3):221-224
We compared different hybridization conditions of oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray to acquire optimized and reliable microarray
data. Several parameters were evaluated at different hybridization conditions, including signal-to-background (S:B) ratios,
signal dynamic range, usable spots, and reproducibility. Statistical analysis showed that better results were obtained when
spotted, presynthesized long oligonucleotide arrays were blocked with succinic anhydride and hybridized at 42°C in the presence
of 50% formamide. 相似文献
29.
David Petersen GVR Chandramouli Joel Geoghegan Joanne Hilburn Jonathon Paarlberg Chang Hee Kim David Munroe Lisa Gangi Jing Han Raj Puri Lou Staudt John Weinstein J Carl Barrett Jeffrey Green Ernest S Kawasaki 《BMC genomics》2005,6(1):1-14
Background
Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis belong to the genetically close-knit Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, a family of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria. pAW63 is the first conjugative plasmid from the B. cereus group to be completely sequenced.Results
The 71,777 bp nucleotide sequence of pAW63 reveals a modular structure, including a 42 kb tra region encoding homologs of the Type IV secretion systems components VirB11, VirB4 and VirD4, as well as homologs of Gram-positive conjugation genes from Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Listeria, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. It also firmly establishes the existence of a common backbone between pAW63, pXO2 from Bacillus anthracis and pBT9727 from the pathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27. The alignment of these three plasmids highlights the presence of well conserved segments, in contrast to distinct regions of high sequence plastiCity. The study of their specific differences has provided a three-point reference framework that can be exploited to formulate solid hypotheses concerning the functionalities and the molecular evolution of these three closely related plasmids. This has provided insight into the chronology of their divergence, and led to the discovery of two Type II introns on pAW63, matching copies of the mobile element IS231L in different loci of pXO2 and pBT9727, and the identification on pXO2 of a 37 kb pathogeniCity island (PAI) containing the anthrax capsule genes.Conclusion
The complete sequence determination of pAW63 has led to a functional map of the plasmid yielding insights into its conjugative apparatus, which includes T4SS-like components, as well as its resemblance to other large plasmids of Gram-positive bacteria. Of particular interest is the extensive homology shared between pAW63 and pXO2, the second virulence plasmid of B. anthracis, as well as pBT9727 from the pathogenic strain B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27. 相似文献30.
Evidence for the presence of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets of the ob/ob mouse 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A Khan V Chandramouli C G Ostenson B Ahrén W C Schumann H L?w B R Landau S Efendi? 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1989,264(17):9732-9733
Pancreatic islets from ob/ob mice incubated with 3H2O and 5.5 mM glucose formed 3H-labeled glucose, 74 picoatoms incorporated/islet/h. Sixty-three percent of the 3H was bound to carbon 2 of the glucose. The amount of glucose-6-P dephosphorylated to glucose, determined from this incorporation, was 48 pmol/islet/h. Glucose utilization, measured by the formation of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose, was 72 pmol/islet/h. The amount of glucose dephosphorylated was then about 40% of that phosphorylated. Thus, glucose-6-P is dephosphorylated to glucose to a significant extent by intact islets in vitro and presumably by the beta cells of the islets. The extent of this glucose cycling, i.e. glucose----glucose-6-P----glucose, may play a role in determining the extent of glucose-induced insulin secretion. 相似文献