Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-linked urea/thiourea conjugates as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents

A new series of 1,2,4-triazole-linked urea and thiourea conjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines namely, breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), lung (A549) prostate (DU145) and one mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cell line and compared with reference drug. The compound 5t showed significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with a IC₅₀ value of 7.22?±?0.47?µM among all the tested compounds. Notably, induction of apoptosis by compound 5t on MCF-7 cells was evaluated using different staining techniques such as acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), annexin V-FITC/PI, and DAPI. Further, clonogenic assay indicates the inhibition of colony formation on MCF-7 cells by compound 5t. Moreover, the flow-cytometric analysis also revealed that compound 5t caused the arrest of cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. In addition, the compounds when tested on normal human cells (L-132) were found to be safer with low cytotoxicity profile.     

LiBF4-mediated C-glycosylation of glycals with allyltrimethylsilane: a facile synthesis of allyl C-glycosylic compounds.

The treatment of glycals with allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of lithium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile gave the corresponding allyl 2,3-unsaturated C-glycosylic compounds in excellent yields with high anomeric selectivity.     

Nanomiemgel - A Novel Drug Delivery System for Topical Application - In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

AimThe objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate a unique matrix mixture (nanomiemgel) of nanomicelle and nanoemulsion containing aceclofenac and capsaicin using in vitro and in vivo analyses and to compare it to a marketed formulation (Aceproxyvon).MethodsNanomicelles were prepared using Vitamin E TPGS by solvent evaporation method and nanoemulsion was prepared by high-pressure homogenization method. In vitro drug release and human skin permeation studies were performed and analyzed using HPLC. The efficiency of nanomiemgel as a delivery system was investigated using an imiquimod-induced psoriatic like plaque model developed in C57BL/6 mice.ResultsAtomic Force Microscopy images of the samples exhibited a globular morphology with an average diameter of 200, 250 and 220 nm for NMI, NEM and NMG, respectively. Nanomiemgel demonstrated a controlled release drug pattern and induced 2.02 and 1.97-fold more permeation of aceclofenac and capsaicin, respectively than Aceproxyvon through dermatomed human skin. Nanomiemgel also showed 2.94 and 2.09-fold greater Cmax of aceclofenac and capsaicin, respectively than Aceproxyvon in skin microdialysis study in rats. The PASI score, ear thickness and spleen weight of the imiquimod-induced psoriatic-like plaque model were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in NMG treated mice compared to free drug, NEM, NMI & Aceproxyvon.ConclusionUsing a new combination of two different drug delivery systems (NEM+NMI), the absorption of the combined system (NMG) was found to be better than either of the individual drug delivery systems due to the utilization of the maximum possible paths of absorption available for that particular drug.