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The antibody state of a population aged 6 months to 88 years to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 was determined by examining 919 sera collected in Lancashire, London, and southern and south-east England. In subjects aged over 2 years the immune state was surprisingly uniform, although the older patients had probably acquired practically all their antibodies as a result of natural infection and those under 16 through vaccination. at least 95% had detectable antibodies to at least one poliovirus type and about 60% to all three types, with the exception of a cohort of children born between 1963 and 1968, in whom the proportions were about 80% and 40% respectively. These children were born around the time of the changeover from inactivated to oral vaccine, when immunisation rates were low and there was confusion over the number of doses required. These results indicate that a complete course of vaccine or a booster dose at or around school-leaving age is necessary. 相似文献
834.
G Chamberlain 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1991,303(6794):111-115
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O. Friedrich M. Both S. Schürmann F. von Wegner R.H.A. Fink J.S. Chamberlain 《Biophysical journal》2010,98(4):606-616
Progressive force loss in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by degeneration/regeneration cycles and fibrosis. Disease progression may involve structural remodeling of muscle tissue. An effect on molecular motorprotein function may also be possible. We used second harmonic generation imaging to reveal vastly altered subcellular sarcomere microarchitecture in intact single dystrophic mdx muscle cells (∼1 year old). Myofibril tilting, twisting, and local axis deviations explain at least up to 20% of force drop during unsynchronized contractile activation as judged from cosine angle sums of myofibril orientations within mdx fibers. In contrast, in vitro motility assays showed unaltered sliding velocities of single mdx fiber myosin extracts. Closer quantification of the microarchitecture revealed that dystrophic fibers had significantly more Y-shaped sarcomere irregularities (“verniers”) than wild-type fibers (∼130/1000 μm3 vs. ∼36/1000 μm3). In transgenic mini-dystrophin-expressing fibers, ultrastructure was restored (∼38/1000 μm3 counts). We suggest that in aged dystrophic toe muscle, progressive force loss is reflected by a vastly deranged micromorphology that prevents a coordinated and aligned contraction. Second harmonic generation imaging may soon be available in routine clinical diagnostics, and in this work we provide valuable imaging tools to track and quantify ultrastructural worsening in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and to judge the beneficial effects of possible drug or gene therapies. 相似文献
837.
G.C. Walker E. Berry S.W. Smye N.N. Zinov'ev A.J. Fitzgerald R.E. Miles M. Chamberlain M.A. Smith 《Journal of biological physics》2003,29(2-3):141-148
Modelling the interaction of terahertz(THz) radiation with biological tissueposes many interesting problems. THzradiation is neither obviously described byan electric field distribution or anensemble of photons and biological tissueis an inhomogeneous medium with anelectronic permittivity that is bothspatially and frequency dependent making ita complex system to model.A three-layer system of parallel-sidedslabs has been used as the system throughwhich the passage of THz radiation has beensimulated. Two modelling approaches havebeen developed a thin film matrix model anda Monte Carlo model. The source data foreach of these methods, taken at the sametime as the data recorded to experimentallyverify them, was a THz spectrum that hadpassed though air only.Experimental verification of these twomodels was carried out using athree-layered in vitro phantom. Simulatedtransmission spectrum data was compared toexperimental transmission spectrum datafirst to determine and then to compare theaccuracy of the two methods. Goodagreement was found, with typical resultshaving a correlation coefficient of 0.90for the thin film matrix model and 0.78 forthe Monte Carlo model over the full THzspectrum. Further work is underway toimprove the models above 1 THz. 相似文献
838.
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination are well-studied events with a recognized importance in all aspects of cellular function. By contrast, protein S-acylation, although a widespread PTM with important functions in most physiological systems, has received far less attention. Perturbations in S-acylation are linked to various disorders, including intellectual disability, cancer and diabetes, suggesting that this less-studied modification is likely to be of considerable biological importance. As an exemplar, in this review, we focus on the newly emerging links between S-acylation and the hormone insulin. Specifically, we examine how S-acylation regulates key components of the insulin secretion and insulin response pathways. The proteins discussed highlight the diverse array of proteins that are modified by S-acylation, including channels, transporters, receptors and trafficking proteins and also illustrate the diverse effects that S-acylation has on these proteins, from membrane binding and micro-localization to regulation of protein sorting and protein interactions. 相似文献
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840.
The thraustochytrids: a protist group with mixed affinities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The thraustochytrids, a group of marine, monocentric protists are reconsidered phylogenetically drawing upon ultrastructural and biochemical characters. They appear to have affiliations with both heterokont groups and other phyla of marine organisms, but still remain an essentially independent entity. 相似文献