A mediator-free amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on HRP immobilized on a nano-Au/poly 2,6-pyridinediamine-coated electrode

A mediator-free amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was prepared by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme on colloidal Au modified platinum (Pt) wire electrode, which was modified by poly 2,6-pyridinediamine (pPA). The modified process was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The biosensor displayed an excellent electrocatalytical response to reduction of H₂O₂ without the aid of an electron mediator, the linear range was 4.2 × 10⁻⁷–1.5 × 10⁻³ mol/L (r = 0.9977), with a detection limit of 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L. Moreover, the performance and factors influencing the resulted biosensor were studied in detail. The studied biosensor exhibited permselectivity, good stability and good fabrication reproducibility.     

Characterization of Trophoblast and Extraembryonic Endoderm Cell Lineages Derived from Rat Preimplantation Embryos

Background

Previous attempts to isolate pluripotent cell lines from rat preimplantation embryo in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell culture conditions (serum and LIF) were unsuccessful, however the resulting cells exhibited the expression of such traditional pluripotency markers as SSEA-1 and alkaline phosphatase. We addressed the question, which kind of cell lineages are produced from rat preimplantation embryo under “classical” mouse ES conditions.

Results

We characterized two cell lines (C5 and B10) which were obtained from rat blastocysts in medium with serum and LIF. In the B10 cell line we found the expression of genes known to be expressed in trophoblast, Cdx-2, cytokeratin-7, and Hand-1. Also, B10 cells invaded the trophectodermal layer upon injection into rat blastocysts. In contrast to mouse Trophoblast Stem (TS) cells proliferation of B10 cells occurred independently of FGF4. Cells of the C5 line expressed traditional markers of extraembryonic-endoderm (XEN) cells, in particular, GATA-4, but also the pluripotency markers SSEA-1 and Oct-4. C5 cell proliferation exhibited dependence on LIF, which is not known to be required by mouse XEN cells.

Conclusions

Our results confirm and extend previous findings about differences between blastocyst-derived cell lines of rat and mice. Our data show, that the B10 cell line represents a population of FGF4-independent rat TS-like cells. C5 cells show features that have recently become known as characteristic of rat XEN cells. Early passages of C5 and B10 cells contained both, TS and XEN cells. We speculate, that mechanisms maintaining self-renewal of cell lineages in rat preimplantation embryo and their in vitro counterparts, including ES, TS and XEN cells are different than in respective mouse lineages.     

Ten microsatellite markers in endangered species Sauvagesia rhodoleuca (Ochnaceae)

? Premise of the study: We developed microsatellite markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations of the endemic shrub Sauvagesia rhodoleuca in China. ? Methods and Results: Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in five populations. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 16. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.726, respectively. ? Conclusions: The results provide basic information on genetic diversity for future studies of population genetics in S. rhodoleuca.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测金山醋酸乳杆菌的方法与应用

[目的] 建立基于实时荧光定量PCR （RT-qPCR）的金山醋酸乳杆菌特异性检测方法,并将其应用于食醋和白酒发酵过程样品的快速检测。[方法] 筛选金山醋酸乳杆菌基因组中特异性强的基因序列作为模板设计特异性引物,通过标准菌株、醋醅样品进行PCR验证引物的特异性和准确性,建立RT-qPCR方法分析金山醋酸乳杆菌在不同地区酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品中的含量。[结果] 以金山醋酸乳杆菌的苯丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶α亚基（编码pheS基因）为参考序列,设计了一对GC含量55%、T_m值59℃、可扩增199 bp片段的引物。建立的RT-qPCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高且重复性好,检测浓度范围为2.24-10.24 lg （copies/μL）,成功应用于4个地区的酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品检测。对镇江香醋醋酸发酵过程的研究表明,醋醅中的金山醋酸乳杆菌数量先迅速增加,随后稳定在10⁸ copies/g干醅。[结论] 本研究建立的RT-qPCR方法可对食醋和白酒发酵过程中金山醋酸乳杆菌进行特异性鉴定和快速定量。     

Refinement of Strut-and-Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Deep beams are commonly used in tall buildings, offshore structures, and foundations. According to many codes and standards, strut-and-tie model (STM) is recommended as a rational approach for deep beam analyses. This research focuses on the STM recommended by ACI 318-11 and AASHTO LRFD and uses experimental results to modify the strut effectiveness factor in STM for reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams. This study aims to refine STM through the strut effectiveness factor and increase result accuracy. Six RC deep beams with different shear span to effective-depth ratios (a/d) of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00 were experimentally tested under a four-point bending set-up. The ultimate shear strength of deep beams obtained from non-linear finite element modeling and STM recommended by ACI 318-11 as well as AASHTO LRFD (2012) were compared with the experimental results. An empirical equation was proposed to modify the principal tensile strain value in the bottle-shaped strut of deep beams. The equation of the strut effectiveness factor from AASHTTO LRFD was then modified through the aforementioned empirical equation. An investigation on the failure mode and crack propagation in RC deep beams subjected to load was also conducted.     

从棉铃虫体中提取总RNA的一种有效方法

昆虫组织细胞中含有大量的RNA酶 ,在提取其RNA时 ,防止RNA酶的降解 ,是保证所得RNA片段完整的关键。目前提取动物组织细胞总RNA的方法主要采用“异硫氰酸胍 酚 氯仿抽提”一步法操作 ,但从昆虫组织细胞中提取RNA尚无明确的方法。本实验根据昆虫组织细胞中RNA的分子结合其它蛋白等次生物质的特性不同 ,适当的调整该方法 ,从棉铃虫中提取到了完整、无降解、纯度高的RNA ,适用于Northern杂交和cDNA合成等分子生物学操作     

衣康酸高产菌株的选育及发酵工艺研究

用多种诱变法对衣康酸产生菌原始菌株进行诱变,得到高产菌株16株,采用“正交试验-中心试验-正交试验”的策略优化培养基,对影响衣康酸生产的原料、水质等进行了研究。所得高产菌株生产适应性强,产酸水平为65g/100ml,残还原糖小于01g/100ml,摇床发酵周期小于96h,500L发酵罐发酵周期小于70h。     

基于功能宏基因组学技术的金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜抑制物的发现与活性分析

宏基因组学方法直接提取环境中的全部微生物基因组DNA,并使其得到功能性表达,为微生物天然产物的开发利用提供了新的方法。利用功能宏基因组学技术,使用大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭载体构建四川峨眉山土壤宏基因组文库,并将文库菌中所携带的环境DNA接合转移到链霉菌宿主中。通过活性筛选获得两个具有抗菌活性的阳性链霉菌克隆,其发酵粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成均有很好的抑制作用,当浓度达到2 MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)时,抑制作用超过90%;同时,两种粗提物样品对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜也存在显著的清除作用,其中EM110样品对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的清除率高于EM123样品。本文通过功能宏基因组学技术,直接从土壤中筛选获得了对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜有较强抑制及清除作用的活性物质。