大熊猫初生胎儿及幼仔组织器官的病理学研究

To elucidate the cause of prenatal and early postnatal death in giant panda, pathological studies have been carried out on paraffin-fixed tissue sections from two fetuses and four cubs. The fetuses appeared to have classical atrophic changes in lung and hemorrhage in multiple organs, whereas the cubs showed purulent inflmnmation in various organs, most profound in lung and umbilicus. Localized infusion of bacteria and neutrophils were identified in the focus. Acute enteritis and hepatitis were also observed, as well as purulent encephalitis in one case. Variable degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, denaturalization and putrescence were evident in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, intestines, and lymph nodes. The results indicated that the fetuses died from suffocation whereas the cubs died from infection.     

一个耐高温酵母菌株的tps1基因克隆及序列分析

葡萄汁酵母的菌株YY具有耐高温特性,研究其可能的耐高温机理具有重要的理论和实践意义。其在37℃能正常生长,致死温度为68℃。通过克隆其tps1基因序列,体外扩增后测序,分析蛋白序列的突变。发现在这一菌株的tps1基因序列有13个突变,TPS1蛋白序列存在有三个位点的变异,分别是67位(Gly／Ala)、69位(Glu／Gln)、387位(Val／Leu),这三个变异均增加了海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶的疏水性,从而增加了酶在高温下的稳定性性。通过这一发现,可以部分解释菌株YY的耐高温机理。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

We report the development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using an unenriched genomic library. The number of the alleles ranged from two to 18 and observed hererozygosity ranged from 0.0286 to 0.9429, indicating that these markers will be useful for population studies and mapping in pacific white shrimp. Seven loci were detected deviated from Hardy–Weinberg, caused by deficiency of heterozygote, suggesting population genetic structure across the sampled population. No evidence for linkage disequilibrium was found.     

Phenology of the rhodomelarian algae Neorhodomela aculeata and Ceramium kondoi and their survival strategies against herbivorous snails

The seasonal growth and reproductive phenology of Neorhodomela aculeata (Perestenko) Masuda and Ceramium kondoi Yendo, and the food preferences of herbivorous snails were examined to elucidate (i) why snails select the fronds of N. aculeata for their habitat; and (ii) the survival strategies of the two red algae under grazing pressures. The maximal lengths and weights of both algal species were recorded for each season over a 12‐month period beginning with the spring of 2003. C. kondoi grew in length at a faster rate than N. aculeate, whereas the turf alga N. aculeata produced new branches from the tips of broken branches. The reproductive period of C. kondoi was between the spring and summer but the reproductive organs of N. aculeata were observed throughout the year. The algal loss rate of fresh N. aculeata to snails was low but snails had a food preference for N. aculeata when compared to C. kondoi in an artificial food experiment. These results indicate that snails may adapt to chemical compounds characteristic of N. aculeata and that the alga further reduces predation damage by its structural resistance. In conclusion, the survival strategies of C. kondoi appear to be rapid growth, seasonal sexual reproduction, and a delicately branched frond morphology that reduces stable feeding patterns of its predators plus high tissue nitrogen content, whereas the survival strategy of N. aculeata includes regenerative growth responses, structural toughness and chemical defenses while under the grazing pressure of herbivorous snails.     

上海市地面藓类植物的分布格局分析

在上海市选取20个公园和2个化工厂设立22个样点,对地面藓类植物进行野外样方调查、标本鉴定和数据统计．基于75种记录的藓类植物及其盖度数据,应用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)分析其分布格局．结果表明,上海市地面藓类植物可聚类为3个样点组,样点组1为市中心2个公园和2个化工厂,共有藓类23种,总盖度最小(21．29％);样点组2为部分市中心公园和外围公园,共有藓类44种,总盖度37．94％;样点组3主要为外围公园和市郊公园,共有藓类49种,总盖度为49．66％．结果反映了藓类植物分布与不同生境,环境污染及人为干扰有一定相关性．     

荞麦与大豆叶片中草酸含量差异及其可能的原因

用1/5浓度Hoagland营养液培养荞麦和大豆幼苗l0 d后,荞麦叶片、根及其分泌物中的草酸含量均明显高于大豆,说明荞麦叶片的草酸形成能力强.荞麦叶片中存在少量的草酸氧化酶活性,而大豆中未检测到该酶活性,表明荞麦具有一定的降解草酸的能力.乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)催化乙醇酸氧化的活性两种植物之间虽差异不明显,但该酶催化乙醛酸氧化的活性荞麦显著高于大豆.荞麦GO对乙醛酸的Km值明显低于大豆GO,同时其乙醛酸含量也较高,因此其叶片中由乙醛酸形成草酸的速率应高于大豆.由此认为,由乙醛酸氧化生成草酸可能是植物草酸合成限速步骤之一,其反应速率高低可能导致不同种类植物叶片中草酸含量的差异.     

The complete mitochondrial genomes sequences of Asio flammeus and Asio otus and comparative analysis

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as a model sys-tem, has been extensively used for molecular phy-logenetic and evolutionary analysis[1]. With the ad-vances in DNA sequencing technology, more andmore researchers prefer to use complete mitochondrialgenome for phylogenetic analysis[2—4]. Since the com-plete sequencing of human mtDNA in 1981 (Andersonet al., 1981)[5], 342 vertebrate mitochondrial genomeshave so far been sequenced. Up to now the completesequences of 29 avian mitochondrial genomes h…     

Chloride channel activity of vascular smooth muscle in the spontaneous hypertensive rats

To characterize the activity of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channels in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), the isolated mesenteric vascular beds and tail artery strips were preparated from SHR and Wistar rats aged 7-8 weeks. The changes in contractile response to norepinphrine (NE) were taken as an index of vascular mortion. Results showed that the contractile responses of mesenteric arteries and tail arteries to NE in SHR were significantly greater than that in Wistar rats. The inhibition magnitude of the contractile response by Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker, niflumic acid in SHR was significantly less than that in Wistar rats. Decreasing the extracellular Cl- concentration increased the contractile response to NE significantly, but the amplitude of enhanced contractile response in SHR was greater than that in Wistar rats. It can be concluded that NE-induced contraction was enhanced in SHR, which is partly due to an increase in Cl- efflux through the Ca2+-activated Cl- channels. The chloride channel activity may be increased in association with the elevation of blood pressure.     

棉株上烟粉虱若虫种群的垂直分布与统计方法研究

对烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci在棉花植株上的垂直分布调查发现 ,烟粉虱在棉株各部位均有分布 ,且分布极不均匀 ,统计分析表明棉株各部位间烟粉虱的种群数量存在显著的差异。棉花顶部烟粉虱的若虫数量约占全棉株若虫总量的 1 6%,通过对棉株各部位烟粉虱的若虫数量与整株若虫总量的回归分析 ,建立了相应的回归方程式     

杉木与固氮和非固氮树种混交对林地土壤质量和土壤水化学的影响

第 1代人工杉木林皆伐后 ,3种不同的经营模式 ,即连载杉木纯林、杉木与固 N阔叶树混交林和杉木与非固 N阔叶树混交林 ,对林地土壤质量和土壤水化学的影响进行了比较。结果表明 ,在杉树与阔叶树混交经营模式下 ,土壤养分含量增加 ,物理性状改善 ,土壤生物活性提高 ,微生物商 (Cmic:Corg)上升 ,代谢商 (q CO2 )稍有下降 ,但杉木与固 N树种的混交对土壤质量的改善效果比杉木与非固 N树种混交好 ;相反 ,杉木连载只能导致林地土壤质量的逐渐恶化 ;土壤溶液中 ,主要来自于大气中的一些离子浓度 ,如 SO2 - 4,Cl- ,Na 和 Mg2 ,在杉木纯林中显著高于混交林 ,而主要受系统内影响较大的一些离子 ,如 K 和NH 4,NO- 3,在经营模式间变异较小 ;H 和 Al3 浓度也是杉木纯林比混交林高。另外 ,研究结果还表明 ,总有机 C、CEC和微生物 C与其它土壤理化性质与生物学性质之间存在着较好的相关性 ,所以可以将总有机 C、CEC和微生物 C作为红黄壤地区亚热带人工林土壤质量的指示指标