布氏潜蝇茧蜂对橘小实蝇幼虫寄生作用的研究

在试验室条件下研究了布氏潜蝇茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)的寄生习性。结果表明:该寄生蜂嗜好寄生低龄的橘小实蝇幼虫;橘小实蝇幼虫的密度对布氏潜蝇茧蜂的寄生有明显的影响;被寄生的幼虫数随寄主自身密度的增加而增加,当寄主幼虫密度达每果片30只以上时,寄生数量的增加幅度就趋于下降,用Holling圆盘方程模拟为Na=0.9051N/(1 0.0163N)。此外,布氏潜蝇茧蜂的自身密度对寄生作用也有影响,随着寄生蜂数量的增加,寄生蜂的发现域逐渐变小,用Hassell-Varley方程表示为α=0.4655P-0.5807。     

Effects of lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk composition and reproductive performance in primiparous and multiparous sows

Modern genotype primiparous and multiparous sows (Yorkshire x Landrace, n=48) were used to evaluate effects of dietary lysine intake during late gestation and lactation, and their interaction on reproductive performance. Sows were randomly allotted to two gestation lysine (G, 0.6% or 0.8% lysine) treatments based on parity in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, and each treatment had 12 replicates comprising 1 sow. Then all the sows were assigned to two lactation lysine (L, 1.0% or 1.3% lysine) treatments within parity and gestation treatments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design, and each treatment comprised six replicates with 1 sow/replicate during lactation. Feeding higher lysine level during gestation increased sow body weight and backfat thickness (P=0.001) and body condition was better (P=0.001) in multiparous than that of primiparous sows. Both of the lysine levels during lactation and parity influenced sow body condition and reproductive performance (P<0.05). Higher lysine intake during lactation increased the concentrations of total solids (P=0.024), protein (P=0.001) and solids not-fat (P=0.042) in colostrum and total solids (P=0.001), protein (P=0.001), fat (P=0.001) and solids not-fat (P=0.005) in milk. Protein concentration of milk was greater (P=0.001) in multiparous sows than that of primiparous sows. Feeding of high lysine diets resulted in an increment of plasma urea N (P=0.010; P=0.047) and a decrease of creatinine (P=0.045; P=0.002) on the day of postfarrowing and weaning, respectively. Furthermore, as lysine intake increased, the secretions of insulin, FSH, and LH were increased (P<0.05) and multiparous sows showed higher (P<0.05) concentrations of FSH and LH pulses on the day of postfarrowing and weaning, respectively. These results indicated that higher lysine intake than that recommended by NRC [NRC, 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th ed. National Academy Press, 458 Washington, DC] could improve sow performance during late gestation and lactation. Furthermore primiparous sows need higher lysine intake than multiparous sows. Moreover, nutritional impacts on reproduction may be mediated in part through associated effects on circulating LH concentration.     

西北春麦区小麦地方品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为了给品质改良提供基础材料,并了解西北春麦区小麦地方品种的遗传多样性,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了493份小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成.结果表明:在供试材料中,Glu-1位点共有26个等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点3个,Glu-B1位点9个,Glu-D1位点14个,亚基null、7+8、2+12在各自的位点上出现频率最高,分别达到了94.53%、92.92%、86.24%;亚基组成类型共有30种,主要为null/7+8/2+12,频率达79.76%;同时筛选出一些含有1、2*、13+16、14+15、5+10、1.5+10等优质亚基或亚基对的材料,可作为优质基因源;西北春麦区小麦地方品种间Glu-1位点的遗传多样性,以Glu-D1位点最高,其次是Glu-B1位点,Glu-A1位点最低.     

Replication and pathogenesis of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in mammalian models

This study aimed to characterize the replication and pathogenic properties of a Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus isolate in ferrets and mice. Ferrets infected with A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus showed mild clinical signs. The virus replicated well in lungs and slightly in brains with no replication in any other organs. Severe bronchopneumonia and thickening of alveolar walls were detected in the lungs. Viral antigens were detected in the bronchiolar epithelial cells, in peribronchial glands with severe peribronchitis and in cells present in the alveoli. A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus-infected mice showed weight loss and pathological lung lesions including perivascular cuffing, interstitial pneumonia and alveolitis. The virus replicated highly in the lungs and slightly in the nasal tissues. Viral antigens were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes and interstitial macrophages. However, seasonal H1N1 influenza virus did not replicate in the lungs of ferrets, and viral antigens were not detected. Thus, this Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 isolate infected the lungs of ferrets and mice successfully and caused more pathological lesions than did the seasonal influenza virus.     

苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力分析及苹果种质抗病性鉴定

苹果炭疽叶枯病是由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的一种真菌病害,现已上升为世界苹果生产中的主要病害之一。了解不同来源的苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力差异及明确苹果种质资源对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性,对品种选育、品种合理布局以及控制病害的流行具有重要的参考价值。本研究对不同来源的79株病原菌进行了室内致病力测定,获知该菌致病力差异明显,其中强致病力菌株所占比例大。同时,本研究也对327份苹果种质资源进行了室内抗病性鉴定,其中高抗资源160份,中抗资源6份,中感资源22份,高感资源139份。表明我国现保存的苹果种质资源中存在丰富抗病种质。进一步按苹果分类系统分析发现,抗病资源在当前栽培的主要品种群中均有分布,特别是红玉品种群、富士品种群抗病资源最为丰富。     

利用重组荧光素酶报告基因载体研究E2F调控组蛋白H2A的转录

转录因子E2F与细胞增殖、凋亡及癌变密切相关,组蛋白H2A是构成核小体的重要成员之一.研究通过特异性的阻断Rb基因的表达发现组蛋白H2A家族成员:HIST1H2AJ表达下调,再进一步研究转录因子E2F对HIST1H2AJ的转录调控.通过PCR得到HIST1H2hJ的5非翻译区序列,克隆到荧光素酶报告载体pGL3中,然后转染入HEK293,再检测荧光素酶的活性来判断E2F是否调控HIST1H2AJ的转录.研究结果表明:转录因子E2F能够调控组蛋白H2A家族成员之一HIST1H2AJ的转录.     

FXRalpha down-regulates LXRalpha signaling at the CETP promoter via a common element

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a key player in cholesterol metabolism, has been shown to promote the transfer of triglycerides from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) to high density lipoprotein (HDL) in exchange for cholesterol ester. Here we demonstrate that farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha; NR1H4) down-regulates CETP expression in HepG2 cells. A FXRalpha ligand, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), suppressed basal mRNA levels of the CETP gene in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Using gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we found that FXRalpha could bind to the liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha; NR1H3) binding site (LXRE; DR4RE) located within the CETP 5' promoter region. FXRalpha suppressed LXRalpha-induced DR4RE-luciferase activity and this effect was mediated by a binding competition between FXRalpha and LXRalpha for DR4RE. Furthermore, the addition of CDCA together with a LXRalpha ligand, GW3965, to HepG2 cells was shown to substantially decrease mRNA levels of hepatic CETP gene, which is typically induced by GW3965. Together, our data demonstrate that FXRalpha down-regulates CETP gene expression via binding to the DR4RE sequence within the CETP 5' promoter and this FXRalpha binding is essential for FXRalpha inhibition of LXRalpha-induced CETP expression.     

缺氧培养对大鼠神经干细胞体外增殖影响及其机制的研究

目的：研究应用缺氧对体外培养的大鼠神经干细胞增殖的影响。方法：将细胞分为4小时缺氧组、12小时缺氧组、促红细胞生成素（EPO）中和抗体组、IgG组以及对照组．测定大鼠神经干细胞经缺氧培养后的各组细胞克隆形成率以及EPO的表达变化。结果：单细胞培养条件下,与对照组相比,4小时缺氧组和IgG组克隆形成率明显增高;中和抗体组无明显变化;12小时组克隆形成率降低。但无统计学意义。缺氧4小时后,EPO蛋白在预处理后即刻出现表迭,4h达高峰,8h仍有部分表达。结论：短时间缺氧可以促进神经干细胞增殖．长时间缺氧则作用相反。缺氧对NSCs增殖作用的影响可能是由EPO介导产生。     

淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂质含量的影响

为探讨淡足侧沟茧蜂Microplitis pallidipes Szepligeti调控寄主的生理机制,测定了淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生后,甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂类含量的变化。研究结果表明,寄生后连续5 d的观察时间内,甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖含量从寄生后第1天开始就高于未寄生寄主幼虫,且在寄生后第2至5天达到显著水平;除寄生后第3天外,被寄生寄主幼虫血淋巴总蛋白质含量始终低于未寄生幼虫,且在寄生后第1、4、5天达到显著水平;甜菜夜蛾被寄生后,虫体脂质含量始终高于未寄生幼虫,且从寄生后第2天开始达到显著水平。本研究揭示,淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生刺激了寄主甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖合成,但抑制了其蛋白质合成,同时也刺激了甜菜夜蛾虫体脂质合成。