An Antiaging Electrolyte Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries

High‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxide cathodes along with Si‐incorporated graphite anodes have high reversible capacity, outperforming the electrode materials used in existing commercial products. Hence, they are potential candidates for the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, structural degradation induced by loss of interfacial stability is a roadblock to their practical use. Here, the use of malonic acid‐decorated fullerene (MA‐C₆₀) with superoxide dismutase activity and water scavenging capability as an electrolyte additive to overcome the structural instability of high‐capacity electrodes that hampers the battery quality is reported. Deactivation of PF₅ by water scavenging leads to the long‐term stability of the interfacial structures of electrodes. Moreover, an MA‐C₆₀‐added electrolyte deactivates the reactive oxygen species and constructs an electrochemically robust cathode‐electrolyte interface for Li‐rich cathodes. This work paves the way for new possibilities in the design of electrolyte additives by eliminating undesirable reactive substances and tuning the interfacial structures of high‐capacity electrodes in LIBs.     

不同生长季节下藏药麻花秦艽活性成分含量研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定了野生与栽培藏药麻花秦艽（Gentiana straminea）根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种环烯醚萜苷类化学成分的含量及其在不同生长季节的变化趋势。结果表明,4种环烯醚萜苷类成分的含量随植物的生长季节而波动,其活性成分含量在野生种与栽培种之间发生了一定的差异。但是,栽培根中的龙胆苦甙已达到药典的标准,可供药用。     

分子标记在猕猴遗传多样性研究中的应用

分子标记目前已成为研究遗传多样性的主要工具,为此,简要综述了几种常用的分子标记(RFLPs、RAPD、mtDNA、微卫星DNA、SNPs)的检测方法及其在猕猴种群遗传多样性研究中的应用,为国内猕猴遗传多样性的研究提供参考。     

松针的化学成分研究

从采自四川夹江的马尾松叶(Pinus massonianaLams.)中分离得到二个化合物,经IR1、H NMR1、3C NMR、2D-NMR、MS等现代波谱技术鉴定为ent-8,13-epoxylabd-14-en-19-oic acid(1)和槲皮素(2)。均为首次从马尾松叶中分离得到。     

胡瓜钝绥螨对日光大棚茄子上烟粉虱的控制作用

为了评价胡瓜钝绥螨在我国日光大棚中对茄子上烟粉虱虱的控制作用。笔者研究了在24～34℃下胡瓜钝绥螨以烟粉为猎物时的发育历期,并在我国山东省寿光市的蔬菜基地上开展了利用胡瓜钝绥螨控制日光大棚茄子上烟粉虱的研究与应用。结果表明:胡瓜钝绥螨能够取食烟粉虱的卵、成虫、若虫及伪蛹;利用胡瓜钝绥螨能有效地控制烟粉虱成虫、卵、若虫种群数量的增长。根据胡瓜钝绥螨和烟粉虱的生物学特性,结合大棚茄子栽培过程中的环境条件,笔者提出了在日光大棚中应用胡瓜钝绥螨控制茄子上烟粉虱的策略:(1)在茄子的整个生长季节(250d)中需释放胡瓜钝绥螨4～6次,苗期每次每株释放5～10头,结果期每次每株释放20～40头;(2)释放胡瓜钝绥螨的生防区比常规化防区减少农药使用18次;(3)安装防虫网、适时释放胡瓜钝绥螨是生防成功之关键,生防区配合使用黄板效果更好。     

电针结合红外线照射对反复着床失败患者子宫内膜容受性、胚胎移植及妊娠情况的影响

目的:观察电针结合红外线照射对反复着床失败(RIF)患者子宫内膜容受性、胚胎移植及妊娠情况的影响。方法:选取102例于2015年5月-2018年5月在我院行复苏胚胎移植的RIF患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为电针结合红外线照射治疗组(A组,38例)、安慰针刺组(B组,34例)及空白对照组(C组,30例)。比较三组治疗前后血清雌二醇、孕酮水平,于治疗前后检测子宫内膜容受性超声学指标,包括子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积、血管血流指数(VFI)、内膜血流指数(FI)、阻力指数(RI),比较三组胚胎移植及妊娠情况。结果:三组治疗前后血清雌二醇、孕酮水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后A组子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积大于治疗前及B组、C组,VFI、FI高于治疗前及B组、C组,RI低于治疗前及B组、C组(P0.05)。三组移植胚胎数、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率比较无统计学差异(P0.05),A组胚胎着床率高于B组、C组(P0.05)。结论:电针结合红外线照射治疗RIF患者可以改善子宫内膜容受性,提高胚胎着床率。     

Electrophysiological modelling of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in the rabbits--special consideration to the generation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

In vascular smooth muscle cells, it has been suggested that membrane potential is an important component that initiates contraction. We developed a mathematical model to elucidate the quantitative contributions of major ion currents [a voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ current (I_CaL), a voltage-sensitive K⁺ current (I_KV), a Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ current (I_KCa) and a nonselective cation current (I_NSC)] to membrane potential. In order to typify the diverse nature of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), we introduced parameters that are not fixed (variable parameters). The population of cells with different parameters was constructed and the cells that have the electrophysiological properties of PASMCs were selected. The contributions of each membrane current were investigated by sensitivity analysis and modification of the current parameters. Consequently, I_KV and I_NSC were found to be the most important currents that affect the membrane potential. The occurrence of depolarisation in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was also examined. In hypoxia, I_KV and I_KCa were reduced, but the consequent depolarisation in simulation was not enough to initiate contractions. If we add an increase of I_NSC (2.5-fold), the calculated membrane potential was enough to induce contraction. From the results, we conclude that the balance of various ion channel activities determines the resting membrane potential of PASMCs and our model was successful in explaining the depolarisation in HPV. Therefore, this model can be a powerful tool to investigate the various electrical properties of PASMCs in both normal and pathological conditions.     

Metagenome microarray for screening of fosmid clones containing specific genes

A critical step in the process of metagenome analysis is to screen for clones that contain specific genes among a large number of clones. To form one of the sequence-based screening tools of a metagenome library, we designed a format of microarray [metagenome microarray (MGA)] that is arrayed with fosmid library clone DNA samples on a glass slide. We evaluated the MGA using random prime labeled fluorescent probes prepared from PCR products of the target gene and found that we could obtain specific hybridization signals only for the fosmid clone that contained the target gene. We found that the detection limit of the MGA was c. 10 ng microL(-1) of fosmid clone DNA, and that the MGA-based hybridization was quantitative within a concentration range of 10-200 ng microL(-1) of fosmid clone DNA. We used the MGA successfully to identify two fosmid clones that contained 16S rRNA genes from a fosmid library from the sediment of the East Sea, Korea. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the MGA can be used for screening for fosmid clones containing specific genes in a metagenome library, and that this technology has potential application as a high-throughput metagenome screening tool.     

河西走廊西部全新世气候环境变化的元素地球化学记录

通过河西走廊西部地区条湖剖面沉积物元素地球化学分析, 结合高精度AMS-14C测年, 探讨研究区~11400-1060 cal BP期间的气候环境演变过程。研究结果显示, ~11400-9400 cal BP期间, 条湖处于高水位且流域内化学风化作用较强, 气候条件相对温暖湿润; ~9400-8100 cal BP期间, 湖泊水位下降, 化学风化作用减弱, 指示了干旱的气候条件; ~8100-5800 cal BP气候相对湿润, 其中最湿润时段出现在~8100-7200 cal BP之间; ~5800-4800 cal BP期间, 气候转干。~4800 cal BP以后人类活动增强, 导致区域荒漠化加剧。     

1-MCP和CO2对‘南果梨’冷藏后货架期能量代谢特性的影响

分别对‘南果梨’果实采用0.75μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)在20℃熏蒸20h后装入保鲜袋(0.02mm)、用2%CO2充气果实包装袋(0.04mm)、以保鲜袋果实为对照,各处理组果实均置于(0±1)℃贮藏5个月后移至室温下(18℃±3℃),测定各处理果实在货架期间的褐变度以及果实线粒体蛋白含量、MDA含量、ATP含量,以明确1-MCP和CO2对南果梨冷藏后果实货架期的能量代谢特性。结果显示:(1)1-MCP和CO2处理可不同程度延缓南果梨冷藏后货架期果实果心褐变指数和褐变度,且1-MCP处理效果更好,但CO2处理在货架后期反而使果实褐变度较对照提高。(2)1-MCP和CO2处理可有效抑制果实MDA含量增加,延缓细胞膜透性的升高,保持细胞完整性。(3)1-MCP处理有利于提高货架前期果实中线粒体蛋白质含量,能够在货架后期保持较高的ATP含量和能荷水平,而CO2处理在货架前期果实内含有较高水平的ATP,促进了果实内的能荷水平。研究发现,1-MCP和CO2处理均可以通过影响南果梨果实的能量代谢特性从而影响果实的成熟衰老进程,且1-MCP处理可以抑制货架前期的ATP含量和能量供应,有利于保持细胞膜完整性,抑制果心褐变的发生,延缓果实成熟衰老进程;而2%CO2处理与对照相比对果实能量代谢特性的影响不大。