Biepicondylar fracture presenting with elbow dislocation: a case report

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Biepicondylar fracture of the elbow is very rare, and to date there have only been three reports of this injury and its treatment in the English scientific literature. This case report evaluates the surgical internal fixation of a biepicondylar fracture of the elbow with an associated dislocation. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 15-year-old Turkish girl with a biepicondylar fracture dislocation of the left elbow. Open reduction and an internal fixation operation were applied. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: In these injuries, open reduction and internal fixation appear to be a good method to restore elbow stability and function.     

Frequency of alterations in the MEFV gene and clinical signs in familial Mediterranean fever in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Familial Mediterranean fever is a recessive autoinflammatory disease that is frequent in Armenians, Jews, Arabs, and Turks. The MEFV gene is responsible for this disease. We looked for MEFV gene variations (polymorphism and mutations) in a population that resides in Central Anatolia, Turkey. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of 802 familial Mediterranean fever patients. The DNA sequence data were examined for approximately 150 different mutations and polymorphisms, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in different exons of the MEFV gene. The male:female ratio of these patients was 1.44:1. Mutations were detected in 48.1% of the patients; 7.5% were homozygous, 11.1% were compound heterozygous and 31.5% had only one identifiable mutant allele. No mutations were detected in 51.9% of the patients. The main clinical characteristics of the patients were: abdominal pain in 20.6%, arthritis in 22.9% and amyloidosis in 4.6%. Sixty-six percent of patients had a family history of familial Mediterranean fever; 19.4% of the patients were found to have parental consanguinity. We conclude that the genetics of familial Mediterranean fever is more complex than has previously been reported; heterozygous patients presenting a severe phenotype should be further analyzed for less common secondary MEFV mutations, using gene sequencing.     

In vitro multitarget activity of sulfadiazine substituted triazenes as antimicrobial,cytotoxic, and larvicidal agents

Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the strategy of preventing MDR. There is a need for new multitarget drug research and advancement to reduce the development of drug resistance in drug-drug interactions and reduce cost and toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-target triazene compounds on antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities were investigated in vitro. A series of 12 novel of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfadiazine (SDZ) derivatives were synthesized, and the obtained pure products characterized in detail by spectroscopic and analytic methods (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and melting points). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives (AH1-12) were determined by broth microdilution method. All derivatives have been evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. The larvicidal efficacy of these chemical compounds was also investigated by using Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae. Twelve 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted SDZ derivatives (AH1-12) were designed and developed as potent multitargeted compounds. Among them, the AH1 derivative showed the most antibacterial and antifungal activity. Besides, synthesized derivatives AH2, AH3, AH5, and AH7 showed higher antiviral activity than SDZ. All synthesized derivatives showed higher cytotoxic activity than SDZ. Also, they showed larvicidal activity at 72 h of the experiment. As a result, these compounds might be great leads for the development of next-generation multitargeted agents.     

Inhibition of Quorum Sensing–Regulated Behaviors by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scorzonera sandrasica</Emphasis>

Many Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules to monitor their own population density and coordinate gene regulation in a process called quorum sensing (QS). Increasing evidence implies that certain eukaryotes produce QS-inhibitory compounds. In this work, we tested 46 terrestrial plants materials for their ability to inhibit QS-regulated behaviors in different bacterial species. Plant materials were dried and extracted using different solvents. The chloroform-soluble compounds extracted from Scorzonera sandrasica were found to inhibit violacein production, a QS-regulated behavior in Chromobacterium violaceum. In addition, the chloroform extract was also able to inhibit QS-regulated carbapenem antibiotic production in Erwinia carotovora. Because the regulation of many bacterial processes is controlled by QS systems, the finding of natural compounds acting as QS inhibitors suggests an attractive tool to control and handle detrimental infections caused by human, animal, and plant pathogens.     

Purification of glutathione S‐transferase enzyme from quail liver tissue and inhibition effects of (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)‐2‐(4‐((E)‐3‐(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)‐3a,4,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐4,7‐methanoisoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione derivatives on the enzyme activity

The use of quail meat and eggs has made this animal important in recent years, with its low cost and high yields. Glutathione S‐transferases (GST, E.C.2.5.1.18) are an important enzyme family, which play a critical role in detoxification system. In our study, GST was purified from quail liver tissue with 47.88‐fold purification and 12.33% recovery by glutathione agarose affinity chromatography. The purity of enzyme was checked by SDS‐PAGE method and showed a single band. In addition, inhibition effects of (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)‐2‐(4‐((E)‐3‐(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)‐3a,4,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐4,7methanoisoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dion derivatives ( 1a–g ) were investigated on the enzyme activity. The inhibition parameters (IC₅₀ and K_i values) were calculated for these compounds. IC₅₀ values of these derivatives ( 1a–e ) were found as 23.00, 15.75, 115.50, 10.00, and 28.75 μM, respectively. K_i values of these derivatives ( 1a–e ) were calculated in the range of 3.04 ± 0.50 to 131.50 ± 32.50 μM. However, for f and g compounds, the inhibition effects on the enzyme were not found.     

The Electrophoretical Determination of Serum Protein Fractions in Lycopene Treated Experimental Diabetic Rats

This study was planned to determine the effects of lycopene treatment on serum protein fractions in experimental diabetic rats. In order to induce diabetes in rats in the diabetes (D) and diabetes + lycopene (DL) groups, rats were given 45 mg/kg single-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Lycopene (10 mg/kg/day dissolved in sunflower oil) was administered to the rats in the lycopene-only (L) and DL groups. Blood glucose levels and HbA1c% in DL group and diabetes group increased (p < 0.05) compared to control and L group. Total protein, albumin, α₁, α₂, and β globulin fractions of diabetic and DL groups were lower than control and L groups (p < 0.05). D group had lowest gamma (γ) globulin levels among other groups (p < 0.05). The γ globulin levels was slightly increased than diabetic groups (D and DL), but it was still lower than control and L groups (p < 0.05). The highest value of A/G ratio was observed in diabetic group. Similarly, the % level of A/G ratio of D group was higher than other groups. It was noted that the A/G ratio decreased and reached to control group levels after lycopene treatment.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel irreversible serine protease inhibitors using amino acid based sulfonyl fluorides as an electrophilic trap

We have designed and synthesized novel irreversible serine protease inhibitors containing aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides as an electrophilic trap. These substituted taurine sulfonyl fluorides derived from taurine or protected amino acids were conveniently synthesized from β-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides using KF/18-crown-6 or from β-aminoethanesulfonates using DAST. Their potency of irreversible inhibition of serine proteases is described in different enzyme assays using chymotrypsin leading to binding affinities up to 22 μM.     

Synthesis,Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities,DNA Binding Features and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Enamine Derivatives

Novel enamine derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of lactone and chalcones and their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against six cancer cell lines (e. g., HeLa, HT29, A549, MCF7, PC3 and Hep3B) and one normal cell lines (e. g., FL) were investigated along with their mode of interactions with CT‐DNA. Most of the enamine derivatives with IC₅₀ values of 86–168 μM demonstrated much stronger antiproliferative activity than the starting molecules against the cancer cells. While, among the enamine derivatives, four compounds displayed higher cytotoxic potency than the control drugs (5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin) against the Hep3B cell lines, these compounds did not exhibit any significant toxicity against normal cells, FL. The UV/VIS spectral data suggest that eight compounds cause hypochromism with a slight bathochromic shift (～6 nm), indicating that they bind to the DNA by way of an intercalative or minor groove binding mode. The binding constants of the compounds are in the range of 0.1×103 M^?1–2.3×104 M^?1. The antiproliferative activity of studied enamine derivatives could possibly be due to their DNA binding as well as their cytotoxic properties. In addition to these assays, the chalcones and enamine derivatives were investigated by molecular docking to calculate the synergistic effect of antiproliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines.     

Baller-Gerold syndrome associated with dextrocardia

Baller-Gerold Syndrome (BGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is apparent at birth. The disorder is characterized by distinctive malformations of the skull and facial area and bones of the forearms and hands. We report a 4 year old boy in whom the clinical features of craniosynostosis and bilateral absent thumbs and radii led to a diagnosis of Baller-Gerold syndrome. Physical examination revealed that the heart was localized to the right side. Echocardiography confirmed dextrocardia. Dextrocardia has not previously been reported with Baller-Gerold syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Baller-Gerold syndrome associated with dextrocardia.