全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2191篇 |
免费 | 54篇 |
国内免费 | 234篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 353篇 |
2010年 | 262篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 168篇 |
2004年 | 367篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 79篇 |
2001年 | 101篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 113篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2479条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
用RFLP标记剖析水稻穗颈维管束及穗部性状的遗传基础 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用籼、粳亚种间杂种F1(圭630×02428)花药培养获得的DH群体,对水稻穗颈大、小维管束数和倒数第2节间大、小维管束数等4个维管束性状,以及一、二次枝梗数,每穗颖花数3个穗部性状进行QTL分析,共检测到16个QTLs,其中有7个QTLs的加性效应较大,单个QTL的贡献率在20%以上。发现有4个QTLs成簇分布于第1染色体从RZ776到C11的大约35cM的区段上,来源于亲本"圭630"的这一染色体区段对穗颈大维管束、第2节间大维管束、第2节间小维管束和二次枝梗数4个性状的表达均具有增效作用。还讨论了利用分子标记辅助选择聚合增效QTLs、实现穗颈维管束性状遗传改良的策略。 相似文献
83.
Siegel DH Ashton GH Penagos HG Lee JV Feiler HS Wilhelmsen KC South AP Smith FJ Prescott AR Wessagowit V Oyama N Akiyama M Al Aboud D Al Aboud K Al Githami A Al Hawsawi K Al Ismaily A Al-Suwaid R Atherton DJ Caputo R Fine JD Frieden IJ Fuchs E Haber RM Harada T Kitajima Y Mallory SB Ogawa H Sahin S Shimizu H Suga Y Tadini G Tsuchiya K Wiebe CB Wojnarowska F Zaghloul AB Hamada T Mallipeddi R Eady RA McLean WH McGrath JA Epstein EH 《American journal of human genetics》2003,73(1):174-187
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal blistering, sun sensitivity, atrophy, abnormal pigmentation, and fragility of the skin. Linkage and homozygosity analysis in an isolated Panamanian cohort and in additional inbred families mapped the gene to 20p12.3. Loss-of-function mutations were identified in the FLJ20116 gene (renamed “KIND1” [encoding kindlin-1]). Kindlin-1 is a human homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein UNC-112, a membrane-associated structural/signaling protein that has been implicated in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, Kindler syndrome is, to our knowledge, the first skin fragility disorder caused by a defect in actin-ECM linkage, rather than keratin-ECM linkage. 相似文献
84.
Life history,ecology and longevity in bats 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
The evolutionary theory of aging predicts that life span should decrease in response to the amount of mortality caused by extrinsic sources. Using this prediction, we selected six life history and ecological factors to use in a comparative analysis of longevity among 64 bat species. On average, the maximum recorded life span of a bat is 3.5 times greater than a non-flying placental mammal of similar size. Records of individuals surviving more than 30 years in the wild now exist for five species. Univariate and multivariate analyses of species data, as well as of phylogenetically independent contrasts obtained using a supertree of Chiroptera, reveal that bat life span significantly increases with hibernation, body mass and occasional cave use, but decreases with reproductive rate and is not influenced by diet, colony size or the source of the record. These results are largely consistent with extrinsic mortality risk acting as a determinant of bat longevity. Nevertheless, the strong association between life span and both reproductive rate and hibernation also suggests that bat longevity is strongly influenced by seasonal allocation of non-renewable resources to reproduction. We speculate that hibernation may provide a natural example of caloric restriction, which is known to increase longevity in other mammals. 相似文献
85.
Fan Z South C Lyford K Munsie J van Walsum P Lynd LR 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2003,26(2):93-101
Conversion of paper sludge to ethanol was investigated with the objective of operating under conditions approaching those expected of an industrial process. Major components of the bleached Kraft sludge studied were glucan (62 wt.%, dry basis), xylan (11.5%), and minerals (17%). Complete recovery of glucose during compositional analysis required two acid hydrolysis treatments rather than one. To avoid the difficulty of mixing unreacted paper sludge, a semicontinuous solids-fed laboratory bioreactor system was developed. The system featured feeding at 12-h intervals, a residence time of 4 days, and cellulase loading of 15 to 20 FPU/g cellulose. Sludge was converted to ethanol using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) featuring a -glucosidase-supplemented commercial cellulase preparation and glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiea. SSF was carried out for a period of 4 months in a first-generation system, resulting in an average ethanol concentration of 35 g/L. However, steady state was not achieved and operational difficulties were encountered. These difficulties were avoided in a retrofitted design that was operated for two 1-month runs, achieving steady state with good material balance closure. Run 1 with the retrofitted reactor produced 50 g/L ethanol at a cellulose conversion of 74%. Run 2 produced 42 g/L ethanol at a conversion of 92%. For run 2, the ethanol yield was 0.466 g ethanol/g glucose equivalent fermented and >94% of the xylan fed to the reactor was solubilized to a mixture of xylan oligomers and xylose. 相似文献
86.
Olendzenski L Liu L Zhaxybayeva O Murphey R Shin DG Gogarten JP 《Journal of molecular evolution》2000,51(6):587-599
Members of the Deinococcaceae (e.g., Thermus, Meiothermus, Deinococcus) contain A/V-ATPases typically found in Archaea or Eukaryotes which were probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Two methods were used to quantify the extent to which archaeal or eukaryotic genes have been acquired by this lineage. Screening of a Meiothermus ruber library with probes made against Thermoplasma acidophilum DNA yielded a number of clones which hybridized more strongly than background. One of these contained the prolyl tRNA synthetase (RS) gene. Phylogenetic analysis shows the M. ruber and D. radiodurans prolyl RS to be more closely related to archaeal and eukaryal forms of this gene than to the typical bacterial type. Using a bioinformatics approach, putative open reading frames (ORFs) from the prerelease version of the D. radiodurans genome were screened for genes more closely related to archaeal or eukaryotic genes. Putative ORFs were searched against representative genomes from each of the three domains using automated BLAST. ORFs showing the highest matches against archaeal and eukaryotic genes were collected and ranked. Among the top-ranked hits were the A/V-ATPase catalytic and noncatalytic subunits and the prolyl RS genes. Using phylogenetic methods, ORFs were analyzed and trees assessed for evidence of horizontal gene transfer. Of the 45 genes examined, 20 showed topologies in which D. radiodurans homologues clearly group with eukaryotic or archaeal homologues, and 17 additional trees were found to show probable evidence of horizontal gene transfer. Compared to the total number of ORFs in the genome, those that can be identified as having been acquired from Archaea or Eukaryotes are relatively few (approximately 1%), suggesting that interdomain transfer is rare. 相似文献
87.
中国小头蓟马属二新种:缨翅目:蓟马科 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
西方记述了中国小头蓟马属Microephalothrips2新种-中华小头蓟马M.chinensissp.nov。 相似文献
88.
吴明 《上海生物医学工程》1998,19(1):55-58
本文描述神经干复合动作电位实验的软件设计及其主要特点,友好的人机界面和简便的波形处理,并给出了实际实验结果,由于软件设计在智能化仪器中的重要作用,所以应加以仔细考虑。 相似文献
89.
肺音信号分析系统研制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研制的肺音信号检测与分析系统,具有肺音信号采集、肺音图显示、肺音信号的 时域分析等项功能。 相似文献
90.
离子注入技术是将某种元素的原子进行电离,并使其在电场中加速,在获得较高的速度后射入固体材料表面。在离子注入过程中,被电离的离子在电场作用下加速运动,离子靠着本身获得的动能进入基体表面,在表层中运动的离子与基体原子作用损失能量后在一定的位置停留下来。该技术自60年代问世以来,主要用于材料改性等方面。80年代中期,我国学者开始将其用于农作物育种方面的研究,大大拓宽了离子注入技术的应用领域。所用实验材料的基因及表现型见Tab3,我们将氢离子(E=35MeV)注入处于胚胎发育后期的家蚕卵内(Tab1),观察其对家蚕形态及遗传方面的影响,结果表明:(1)在家蚕胚胎发育的已4期注入氢离子,其半致死剂量LD50为1x1010~1x1011cm2这一区间之内;当剂量达到1x1012cm2时,已全部致死(Fig.1&Tab.2);(2)注入氢离子能够使家蚕在第1腹节上产生褐斑(Fig.2)的频率增高。并首次观察到因注入氢离子而导致家蚕出现非成对的褐斑(Fig.3&Tab.4)。(3)在氢离子注入剂量为1x1010cm2时,能够诱变产生大量的嵌合体家蚕,并且诱变频率高达38.5%(Fig.4&Tab.5),这样高的 相似文献