Comparative study of GABA-T from glial cells, neuronal perikarya cells and synaptosomes

1. This paper presents a fast method of brain cell separation and a comparative study of GABA-T from different cellular compartments (glial cells, neuronal perikarya cells and synaptosomes). 2. The method of cellular separation offers the advantages of rapidity, ease and reproducibility. 3. The GABA-T from the three studied compartments had similar kinetic characteristics in respect of their Kms and Vmaxs. 4. The GABA-T needs PLP to reach its maximum activity; this dependence is related to the enzyme localization.     

Recording of DNA-binding events reveals the importance of a repurposed Candida albicans regulatory network for gut commensalism

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Prion Protein Paralog Doppel Protein Interacts with Alpha-2-Macroglobulin: A Plausible Mechanism for Doppel-Mediated Neurodegeneration

Doppel protein (Dpl) is a paralog of the cellular form of the prion protein (PrP^C), together sharing common structural and biochemical properties. Unlike PrP^C, which is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS), Dpl protein expression is not detectable in the CNS. Interestingly, its ectopic expression in the brain elicits neurodegeneration in transgenic mice. Here, by combining native isoelectric focusing plus non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified two Dpl binding partners: rat alpha-1-inhibitor-3 (α₁I₃) and, by sequence homology, alpha-2-macroglobulin (α₂M), two known plasma metalloproteinase inhibitors. Biochemical investigations excluded the direct interaction of PrP^C with either α₁I₃ or α₂M. Nevertheless, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed a high affinity binding occurring between PrP^C and Dpl. In light of these findings, we suggest a mechanism for Dpl-induced neurodegeneration in mice expressing Dpl ectopically in the brain, linked to a withdrawal of natural inhibitors of metalloproteinase such as α₂M. Interestingly, α₂M has been proven to be a susceptibility factor in Alzheimer''s disease, and as our findings imply, it may also play a relevant role in other neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases.