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11.
12.
Abstact Polar organisms should have mechanisms to survive the extremely cold environment. Four genes encoding cold-shock proteins,
which are small, cold-induced bacterial proteins, have been cloned from the Antarctic bacterium Streptomyces sp. AA8321. Since the specific functions of any polar bacterial or Streptomyces cold-shock proteins have not yet been determined, we examined the role of cold-shock protein A from Streptomyces sp. AA8321 (CspASt). Gel filtration chromatography showed that purified CspASt exists as a homodimer under physiological conditions, and gel shift assays showed that it binds to single-stranded, but not
double-stranded, DNA. Overexpression of CspASt in Escherichia coli severely impaired the ability of the host cells to form colonies, and the cells developed an elongated morphology. Incorporation
of a deoxynucleoside analogue, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, into newly synthesized DNA was also drastically diminished in CspASt-overexpressing cells. These results suggest that CspASt play a role in inhibition of DNA replication during cold-adaptation. 相似文献
13.
Using Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system and aminoacylated amber suppressor tRNA, we successfully inserted an unnatural amino acid S-(2-nitrobenzyl)cysteine into human erythropoietin. Three different types of translation stop suppression were observed and each of the three types was easily discerned with SDS-PAGE. Optimal conditions were established for correct stop and programmed suppressions. Since this system differentiates proteins produced by misreading of codons from those produced by programmed suppression, we conclude that this cell-free translation system that we describe in this paper will be of a great use for future investigations on translation stop processes. 相似文献
14.
Loconto J Papes F Chang E Stowers L Jones EP Takada T Kumánovics A Fischer Lindahl K Dulac C 《Cell》2003,112(5):607-618
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the mouse has two neuronal compartments expressing distinct families of pheromone receptors, the V1Rs and the V2Rs. We report here that two families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules, the M10 and the M1 families, show restricted expression in V2R-expressing neurons. Our data suggest that neurons expressing a given V2R specifically co-express one or a few members of the M10 family. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates that in VNO sensory dendrites M10s belong to large multi-molecular complexes that include pheromone receptors and beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). In cultured cells, M10s appear to function as escort molecules in transport of V2Rs to the cell surface. Accordingly, beta2m-deficient mice exhibit mislocalization of V2Rs in the VNO and a specific defect in male-male aggressive behavior. The functional characterization of M10 highlights an unexpected role for MHC molecules in pheromone detection by mammalian VNO neurons. 相似文献
15.
Fadime Atalay Fehmi Odabasoglu Mesut Halici Ahmet Cakir Elif Cadirci Ali Aslan Ozlem Aydin Berktas Cavit Kazaz 《化学与生物多样性》2015,12(11):1756-1767
Two lichen metabolites, rhizonaldehyde ( 1 ) and rhizonyl alcohol ( 2 ), were isolated from the acetone extract of Lobaria pulmonaria by chromatographic methods, and their chemical structures were determined by UV/VIS, IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods. The gastroprotective and in vivo antioxidant activities of extracts of L. pulmonaria and its metabolites, 1 and 2 , were investigated in indomethacin‐induced ulcer models in rats. The gastric lesions were significantly reduced by acetone, hexane, and CHCl3 extracts, with 75.3–41.5% inhibition. Rhizonyl alcohol ( 2 ) significantly reduced the gastric lesions with an inhibition rate of 84.6–42.8%, whereas rhizonaldehyde ( 1 ) significantly increased the gastric lesions. Antioxidant parameters and myeloperoxidase activities were also evaluated in the gastric tissues of the rats. Indomethacin caused oxidative stress, which resulted in lipid peroxidation in gastric tissues by decreasing the levels of the antioxidants as compared to healthy rat tissues. In contrast to indomethacin, all extracts and rhizonyl alcohol ( 2 ) caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and an increase in antioxidant parameters, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase, and reduced glutathione in gastric tissues. The administration of rhizonyl alcohol ( 2 ) also resulted in a decrease in gastric myeloperoxidase activity increased by indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect of rhizonyl alcohol ( 2 ) can be attributed to its antioxidant properties and its suppressing effect on neutrophil infiltration into gastric tissues. 相似文献
16.
Emma Bolderson Nozomi Tomimatsu Derek J. Richard Didier Boucher Rakesh Kumar Tej K. Pandita Sandeep Burma Kum Kum Khanna 《Nucleic acids research》2010,38(6):1821-1831
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair via the homologous recombination pathway is a multi-stage process, which results in repair of the DSB without loss of genetic information or fidelity. One essential step in this process is the generation of extended single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions at the break site. This ssDNA serves to induce cell cycle checkpoints and is required for Rad51 mediated strand invasion of the sister chromatid. Here, we show that human Exonuclease 1 (Exo1) is required for the normal repair of DSBs by HR. Cells depleted of Exo1 show chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to ionising radiation (IR) exposure. We find that Exo1 accumulates rapidly at DSBs and is required for the recruitment of RPA and Rad51 to sites of DSBs, suggesting a role for Exo1 in ssDNA generation. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Exo1 by ATM appears to regulate the activity of Exo1 following resection, allowing optimal Rad51 loading and the completion of HR repair. These data establish a role for Exo1 in resection of DSBs in human cells, highlighting the critical requirement of Exo1 for DSB repair via HR and thus the maintenance of genomic stability. 相似文献
17.
Eun Hye Kim Kyeung Hee Cho Yung Mi Lee Joung Han Yim Hong Kum Lee Jang-Cheon Cho Soon Gyu Hong 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2010,48(4):426-432
A new approach for enrichment culture was applied to obtain cold-active protease-producing bacteria for marine and terrestrial samples from Svalbard, Norway. The method was developed for the enrichment of bacteria by long-term incubation at low temperatures in semi-solid agar medium containing meat pieces as the main source of carbon and energy. ZoBell and 0.1× nutrient broth were added for marine and terrestrial microorganisms, respectively, to supply basal elements for growth. One to three types of colonies were observed from each enrichment culture, indicating that specific bacterial species were enriched during the experimental conditions. Among 89 bacterial isolates, protease activity was observed from 48 isolates in the screening media containing skim milk. Good growth was observed at 4°C and 10°C while none of the isolates could grow at 37°C. At low temperatures, enzyme activity was equal to or higher than activity at higher temperatures. Bacterial isolates were included in the genera Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Arthrobacter (24 isolates), Pseudomonas (16 isolates), Psychrobacter (6 isolates), Sphingobacterium (6 isolates), Flavobacterium (2 isolates), Sporosarcina (1 isolate), and Stenotrophomonas (1 isolate). Protease activity was observed from Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Pseudomonas (10 isolates), Arthrobacter (4 isolates), and Flavobacterium (1 isolate). 相似文献
18.
A white rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa produced lignin degrading enzymes, which showed degrading activity against various recalcitrant compounds. However, manganese
peroxidase (MnP) activity, one of lignin degrading enzymes, was very low in this fungus under various culture conditions.
An expression vector that carried both the laccase and MnP genes was constructed using laccase genomic DNA of P. tremellosa and MnP cDNA from Polyporus brumalis. P. tremellosa was genetically transformed using the expression vector to obtain fungal transformants showing increased laccase and MnP
activity. Many transformants showed highly increased laccase and MnP activity at the same time in liquid medium, and three
of them were used to degrade endocrine disrupting chemicals. The transformant not only degraded bisphenol A and nonylphenol
more rapidly but also removed the estrogenic activities of the chemicals faster than the wild type strain. 相似文献
19.
Genomic blueprint of Hahella chejuensis, a marine microbe producing an algicidal agent 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jeong H Yim JH Lee C Choi SH Park YK Yoon SH Hur CG Kang HY Kim D Lee HH Park KH Park SH Park HS Lee HK Oh TK Kim JF 《Nucleic acids research》2005,33(22):7066-7073
Harmful algal blooms, caused by rapid growth and accumulation of certain microalgae in the ocean, pose considerable impacts on marine environments, aquatic industries and even public health. Here, we present the 7.2-megabase genome of the marine bacterium Hahella chejuensis including genes responsible for the biosynthesis of a pigment which has the lytic activity against a red-tide dinoflagellate. H.chejuensis is the first sequenced species in the Oceanospiralles clade, and sequence analysis revealed its distant relationship to the Pseudomonas group. The genome was well equipped with genes for basic metabolic capabilities and contained a large number of genes involved in regulation or transport as well as with characteristics as a marine heterotroph. Sequence analysis also revealed a multitude of genes of functional equivalence or of possible foreign origin. Functions encoded in the genomic islands include biosynthesis of exopolysacchrides, toxins, polyketides or non-ribosomal peptides, iron utilization, motility, type III protein secretion and pigmentation. Molecular structure of the algicidal pigment, which was determined through LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR analyses, indicated that it is prodigiosin. In conclusion, our work provides new insights into mitigating algal blooms in addition to genetic make-up, physiology, biotic interactions and biological roles in the community of a marine bacterium. 相似文献
20.
The stereochemistry of the addition of methylmagnesium bromide to a steroidal 4,5-epoxy-3-ketone has been shown to be determined by the stereochemistry of the epoxide. The epoxidation to the corresponding 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-enes by per-acid was determined by the stereochemistry of the allylic alcohol. 相似文献