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Seasonal dynamics of agonistic behavior and hormones in an ex situ all‐male colony of large flying foxes 下载免费PDF全文
Hani D. Freeman Michelle Wood Mandi W. Schook Katherine A. Leighty Shana R. Lavin Susan Wiebe Tracy E. Blowers Rachel Daneault Natalie Mylniczenko Catharine J. Wheaton 《Zoo biology》2018,37(4):213-222
Large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) are a socially complex species. In situ colonies typically comprise thousands of individuals in small harems of one male to many females. In ex situ environments, all‐male colonies are becoming more common due to a surplus of males in the population. There is limited information describing the hormonal and behavioral patterns of all‐male colonies during the breeding season. We assessed seasonal changes in hormones and behavior in an all‐male colony of 12 large flying foxes at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. We validated hormone assays using morning urine and fecal samples to assess seasonal changes in excreted immunoreactive testosterone and glucocorticoid metabolites. We collected behavior data using an all‐occurrence method, recording agonistic behaviors related to territorial defense (hooking, biting, wing flexing, vocalizing, and wrestling), and sexual behavior (mounting and frontal grabbing). Results indicated that (i) we could reliably measure testosterone and glucocorticoid metabolites concentrations from fecal and urine samples collected from individual bats; (ii) there were distinct relationships between changes in levels of agonism and hormone concentrations throughout the year; and (iii) three agonistic behaviors (chasing, wrestling, and open‐mouth threat) peaked prior to the increase in testosterone and glucocorticoid hormones measured during the breeding season. These three behaviors could potentially be used as early indicators to signal the onset of the breeding season and allow time to implement ex situ management changes to reduce the incidence of agonism between individuals. 相似文献
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Tara D. Wehrly Audrey Chong Kimmo Virtaneva Dan E. Sturdevant Robert Child Jessica A. Edwards Dedeke Brouwer Vinod Nair Elizabeth R. Fischer Luke Wicke Alissa J. Curda John J. Kupko III Craig Martens Deborah D. Crane Catharine M. Bosio Stephen F. Porcella Jean Celli 《Cellular microbiology》2009,11(7):1128-1150
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David P. Crabb Nicholas D. Smith Franziska G. Rauscher Catharine M. Chisholm John L. Barbur David F. Edgar David F. Garway-Heath 《PloS one》2010,5(3)
Background
Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease and a leading cause of visual disability. Automated assessment of the visual field determines the different stages in the disease process: it would be desirable to link these measurements taken in the clinic with patient''s actual function, or establish if patients compensate for their restricted field of view when performing everyday tasks. Hence, this study investigated eye movements in glaucomatous patients when viewing driving scenes in a hazard perception test (HPT).Methodology/Principal Findings
The HPT is a component of the UK driving licence test consisting of a series of short film clips of various traffic scenes viewed from the driver''s perspective each containing hazardous situations that require the camera car to change direction or slow down. Data from nine glaucomatous patients with binocular visual field defects and ten age-matched control subjects were considered (all experienced drivers). Each subject viewed 26 different films with eye movements simultaneously monitored by an eye tracker. Computer software was purpose written to pre-process the data, co-register it to the film clips and to quantify eye movements and point-of-regard (using a dynamic bivariate contour ellipse analysis). On average, and across all HPT films, patients exhibited different eye movement characteristics to controls making, for example, significantly more saccades (P<0.001; 95% confidence interval for mean increase: 9.2 to 22.4%). Whilst the average region of ‘point-of-regard’ of the patients did not differ significantly from the controls, there were revealing cases where patients failed to see a hazard in relation to their binocular visual field defect.Conclusions/Significance
Characteristics of eye movement patterns in patients with bilateral glaucoma can differ significantly from age-matched controls when viewing a traffic scene. Further studies of eye movements made by glaucomatous patients could provide useful information about the definition of the visual field component required for fitness to drive. 相似文献58.
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Christina A. Alligood Andre J. Daneault Robert C. Carlson Thomas Dillenbeck Catharine J. Wheaton Anne Savage 《Zoo biology》2011,30(3):318-327
The Key Largo woodrat is an endangered rodent endemic to the island of Key Largo in the Florida Keys. After several reports documented a steep decline in the population, the US Fish and Wildlife Service developed a recovery plan, including captive breeding and reintroduction. Captive breeding efforts were to be focused on providing animals for future reintroduction to protected areas on Key Largo. However, little was known about the husbandry needs or reproductive behavior of this elusive nocturnal species. In 2005, Disney's Animal Kingdom® received 11 animals and began to systematically investigate methods of breeding Key Largo woodrats. Since the program's inception, 30 pups have been born and successfully parent reared. In this report, we describe some of the husbandry techniques that have contributed to the success of the Key Largo woodrat captive breeding program at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. The results obtained may be of use to other facilities maintaining woodrats and other rodent species. Zoo Biol 30:318–327, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Mia Catharine Mattioli Alexandria B. Boehm Jennifer Davis Angela R. Harris Mwifadhi Mrisho Amy J. Pickering 《PloS one》2014,9(1)