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Catalina Salgado-Salazar Lisa A. Beirn Adnan Ismaiel Michael J. Boehm Ignazio Carbone Alexander I. Putman Lane P. Tredway Bruce B. Clarke Jo Anne Crouch 《Fungal biology》2018,122(8):761-773
Dollar spot is one of the most destructive and economically important fungal diseases of amenity turfgrasses. The causal agent was first described in 1937 as the ascomycete Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. However, the genus-level taxonomic placement of this fungus has been the subject of an ongoing debate for over 75 y. Existing morphological and rDNA sequence evidence indicates that this organism is more appropriately placed in the family Rutstroemiaceae rather than the Sclerotiniaceae. Here we use DNA sequence data from samples of the dollar spot fungus and other members of the Rutstroemiaceae (e.g. Rutstroemia, Lanzia, Lambertella) collected throughout the world to determine the generic identity of the turfgrass dollar spot pathogen. Phylogenetic evidence from three nucleotide sequence markers (CaM, ITS and Mcm7; 1810-bp) confirmed that S. homoeocarpa is not a species of Sclerotinia; nor is it a member of any known genus in the Rutstroemiaceae. These data support the establishment of a new genus, which we describe here as Clarireedia gen. nov. The type species for the genus, Clarireedia homoeocarpa comb. nov., is described to accommodate the dollar spot fungus, and a neotype is designated. Three new species in this clade, Clarireedia bennettii sp. nov., Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov., and Clarireedia monteithiana sp. nov. that also cause dollar spot disease are described. Clarireedia homoeocarpa and C. bennettii occur primarily on Festuca rubra (C3 grass) hosts and appear to be restricted to the United Kingdom. Clarireedia jacksonii and C. monteithiana occur on a variety of C3 and C4 grass hosts, respectively, and appear to be globally distributed. This resolved taxonomy puts to rest a major controversy amongst plant pathologists and provides a foundation for better understanding the nature and biology of these destructive pathogens. 相似文献
115.
Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus‐induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions,oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration
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Kah Ni Tan David Simmons Catalina Carrasco‐Pozo Karin Borges 《Journal of neurochemistry》2018,144(4):431-442
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Fredric V. Vencl Kristina Ottens Marjorie M. Dixon Sarah Candler Ximena E. Bernal Catalina Estrada Rachel A. Page 《Biotropica》2016,48(5):645-655
Although famous for photic courtship displays, fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are also notable for emitting strong odors when molested. The identity of volatile emissions and their possible role, along with photic signals, as aposematic warnings of unpalatability have been little explored, especially in tropical species. Pursuant to the observation that the widespread Neotropical fireflies, Photuris trivittata and Bicellonycha amoena, emit pungent odors, glows, and flashes when handled, we investigated their cuticular and headspace chemistry. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses revealed that both fireflies have species‐specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Photuris trivittata headspace was dominated by 2‐methoxy‐3‐(1‐methylpropyl) pyrazine (hereafter, pyrazine), on the order of 1.59 ng/individual and a suite of sesquiterpenes, while B. amoena emitted 3‐methoxy‐2‐butenoic acid methyl ester and a few ketones. This is the first report of such compounds in fireflies. We investigated the role of pyrazine in P. trivittata's interactions with potential predators: sympatric ants, toads, and bats. Solvent‐washed P. trivittata painted with pyrazine incurred lower ant predation than did their solvent‐washed counterparts. Pyrazine significantly repelled ants at baits in concentrations as low as 9.8 × 10?4 ng/μl. The toad, Rhinella marina, readily accepted intact fireflies, pyrazine‐coated and uncoated mealworms. Both Myotis nigricans and Molossus molossus bats rejected fireflies, but accepted both pyrazine‐coated and uncoated mealworms. While pyrazine repels ants, its role as an aposematic signal warning other potential predators of firefly distastefulness requires further investigation. Our results underscore the idea that multiple enemies exert conflicting selection on firefly defenses. 相似文献
117.
Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez Rogelio Flores-Ramírez Angeles Catalina Ochoa-Martínez Leticia Carrizales-Yáñez Cesar Arturo Ilizaliturri-Hernández Jocelyne Moctezuma-González 《人类与生态风险评估》2016,22(2):323-336
The aim of this study was to develop a health risk assessment in different areas of San Luis Potosí, México. Four heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead) were analyzed in soil from communities assessed. The mean arsenic concentration was significantly higher (p < .05) in the city of San Luis Potosí (51.85 mg/kg) compared to the other assessed areas (5.52–8.43 mg/kg). For cadmium, the mean concentration was significantly higher (p < .05) in Santa Maria Picula (7.46 mg/kg) than in the other areas (3.72–4.15 mg/kg). Regarding mercury levels, a significantly higher (p < .05) mean concentration was found in Mezquitic (1.54 mg/kg) compared to other areas (0.56–0.81 mg/kg). Lastly, when comparing the mean lead concentration in the city of San Luis Potosí (108 mg/kg), it was found to be significantly lower (p < .05) than in other areas (219–227 mg/kg). Subsequently, a probabilistic health risk assessment was performed, ingestion was the major exposure pathway for all four metals. Maximum cumulative hazard index (HI) values showed higher risk in all sampled locations (HIs > 1.0), suggesting that these sites can pose a non-carcinogenic risk to the populations (children) living in those areas. This study highlights the necessity of establishing a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the child populations living in the assessed locations. 相似文献
118.
Catalina Kretschmar Carlos Oyarzún Cristopher Villablanca Catherinne Jaramillo Sebastián Alarcón Gustavo Perez Montserrat M. Díaz-Encarnación Mar?al Pastor-Anglada Wallys Garrido Claudia Quezada Rody San Martín 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Altered nucleoside levels may be linked to pathogenic signaling through adenosine receptors. We hypothesized that adenosine dysregulation contributes to fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease. Our findings indicate that high glucose levels and experimental diabetes decreased uptake activity through the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) in proximal tubule cells. In addition, a correlation between increased plasma content of adenosine and a marker of renal fibrosis in diabetic rats was evidenced. At the cellular level, exposure of HK2 cells to high glucose, TGF-β and the general adenosine receptor agonist NECA, induced the expression of profibrotic cell activation markers α-SMA and fibronectin. These effects can be avoided by using a selective antagonist of the adenosine A3 receptor subtype in vitro. Furthermore, induction of fibrosis marker α-SMA was prevented by the A3 receptor antagonist in diabetic rat kidneys. In conclusion, we evidenced the contribution of purinergic signaling to renal fibrosis in experimental diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
119.
IncP-7 naphthalene-degradative plasmids from Pseudomonas putida 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Catalina Ferrer Eduardo Cózar Elena García-Valdés Rafael Rotger 《FEMS microbiology letters》1986,36(1):21-25
Abstract Seven naphthalene-degrading and two naphthalene and camphor-degrading Pseudomonas putida strains were isolated from marine sediments. Most of them carried two plasmids, of molecular size 60 and 200 kb. The naphthalene and salicylate metabolism determinants were transferred to a P. putida strain by conjugation, and the transconjugants acquired either both plasmids or only the 200-kb one. These plasmids appear to belong to the IncP-7 group and encode for catabolism of naphthalene and salicylate, but not camphor. 相似文献
120.
Catalina A. Rotunno Edit A. Zylber Marcelino Cereijido 《The Journal of membrane biology》1973,13(1):217-232
Summary Epithelia from the abdominal skin of the South American frogLeptodactylus ocellatus were isolated by a method consisting of trypsination and dissection. When mounted between two chambers containing Ringer's solution they show electrical properties similar to those found in whole skin. Oxygen consumption was measured. The effects of amiloride, ouabain and low temperature are studied. An analysis of the ionic distribution in the epithelium is performed. The study demonstrates that, regardless of other effects that trypsin could introduce, it constitutes a valuable tool to analyze the basic mechanisms of transepithelial transport at epithelia, cellular and subcellular levels. 相似文献