Über die chemische und photodynamische Wirkung von Neutralrot auf die Rotationsströmung beiHordeum vulgare L.

Zusammenfassung Die chemische und photodynamische Neutralrotwirkung auf die Rotationsströmung wurde in Abhängigkeit von den Absorptionsmaxima des Farbstoffes untersucht. Als Material dienten die Wurzelhaare der Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.). Die Wurzelhaare wurden mit monochromatischem Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen (455, 499, 524, 553 und 654 nm) belichtet, dessen Wirkung auf die Kontrolle (nicht angefärbte Wurzelhaare) und die angefärbten Wurzelhaare getrennt verfolgt wurde.Die Kontrollwerte ergaben, daß das monochromatische Licht je nach dessen Wellenlänge eine verschiedene Wirkung auf die Rotationsströmung ausübte. Das blaue (455 nm) und das dunkelgrüne Licht (524 nm) induzierten die betonteste Stimulationswirkung. Das Rotlicht (654 nm) führte zu einer weit geringeren Stimulation der Rotation.Die Neutralrotwirkung war vom Absorptionsspektrum des Farbstoffes abhängig, jedoch mußte bei der Besprechung der Ergebnisse auch das Verhalten der nicht angefärbten Wurzelhaare unter monochromatischer Belichtung beachtet werden. Festzustellen ist, daß die betonteste Rotationshemmung im Dimeren-Bereich des Absorptionsspektrums des Farbstoffes (500 nm) stattfand. Sie ist der durch das Neutralrot induzierten photodynamischen Wirkung zu verdanken. In den Wellenlängen entsprechend der Maximalabsorption der Farbmoleküle (450 nm) und der monomeren Farbkationen (530 nm) war die photodynamische Wirkung schwächer als im Absorptionsbereich der dimeren Farbkationen. Im hellgrünen (V-Bande, 540–550 nm) und besonders im roten Licht (654 nm) fand vorzugsweise ein chemischer Neutralroteinfluß statt.Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse berechtigen zu der Annahme, daß das Neutralrot durch Adsorption labil an die kontraktilen Proteine des Cytoplasmas gebunden vorliegt. Die festgestellte betonte Hemmung im blaugrünen Licht (500 nm) läßt vermuten, daß der in dimerer Form an Proteine adsorbierte Anteil des Neutralrot eine besonders wichtige Rolle beim Zustandekommen des photodynamischen Effektes spielt.

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The chemical and photodynamic action of neutral red on rotational streaming in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root hairs

Summary The chemical and photodynamic action of neutral red on rotational streaming was studied in relation with absorption maxima of the dye. The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root hairs were employed. They were iluminated with monochromatic light of different wavelengths (455, 499, 524, 553, and 654 nm) and their effect were separately recorded both for control (root hairs without dye) and stained root hairs.The data from the control show, that monochromatic light has a different action on rotational streaming depending of its wavelength. The blue light (455 nm) and the dark green light (524 nm) has brought about a higher stimulation of rotational streaming. The red light (654 nm) has stimulated the rotational streaming in a little extent.The effect of neutral red was in relation with the absorption spectrum of the dye, but the discussion of the results must take into account also the behaviour of the control in the monochromatic light. The data show that the strongest inhibition of rotational streaming took place in the dimere region (500 nm) of the dye absorption spectrum. This inhibition was due to photodynamic action of neutral red. In the wavelengths corresponding to maximum absorption of light by the molecule (450 nm) and monomere (530 nm) of neutral red, the photodynamic action was weaker than in the dimere region of the spectrum. In light-green (540–550 nm) and especially in red (654 nm), only the chemical effect of neutral red was shown.The obtained data show that the neutral red is probably labile adsorbed on the cytoplasmic contractile proteins. The strongest inhibition in blue green light (500 nm) also points out that the proportion of neutral red adsorbed as a dimere on the proteine molecule plays an especial role in the promotion of photodynamic effect.

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Die Unkosten dieser Arbeit wurden von der Akademie der S.R. Rumänien getragen. Für die wertvollen Hinweise und Anleitungen sprechen wir unserem Lehrer, Prof. Dr.Emil pop, den herzlichsten Dank aus.     

Lennert's lymphoma

Four cases (3 M, 1 F) of Lennert's lymphoma were presented. The age (38-76 years), the clinical aspect and the morphopathological features were characteristic. Despite an intensive chemotherapy, 3 of the 4 patients died between 2 and 16 months (mean survival time 7 months). The controversies about the nosological delimitation and the cellular nature of Lennert's lymphoma are presented. Because of the poor prognosis, it should be considered as a high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma.     

Automatic detection of basal cell carcinoma by hyperspectral imaging

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with unsupervised anomaly detectors to automatically differentiate basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from normal skin. Hyperspectral images of the face of a female patient with a BCC of the lower lip were acquired using a visible/near-infrared HSI system and two anomaly detection algorithms (Reed-Xiaoli and Reed-Xiaoli/Uniform Target hybrid anomaly detectors) were used to detect pathological tissue from normal skin. The results revealed that the receiver operating characteristic curve of the Reed-Xiaoli/Uniform Target hybrid detector was higher than that of the Reed-Xiaoli detector in the range of false positive rates between 0 and 0.8. The area under curve values were good (0.7074 and 0.8607, respectively) with Reed-Xiaoli/Uniform Target hybrid detector performing better. In conclusion, HSI combined with either of two anomaly detectors can play a promising role in the automated screening of BCC.     

Enhancing structural complexity: An experiment conducted in the Black Forest National Park,Germany

We report on a structural complexity enhancement (SCE) experiment that was designed to test ecological restoration measures in the Black Forest National Park, Germany. The main goal was to understand as to whether the creation of standing and downed deadwood within previously managed, single-layered Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forests accelerates the development of forest structure, richness, and diversity of a range of taxonomic groups. Here we introduce the experimental design and describe the development of stand structure including abundance and richness of tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) within 5 years after initiation of the experiment in October 2016. To enhance structural complexity in treatment plots, 10 trees per plot were toppled using a skidder winch, and another 10 trees were ring barked at a height of around 60 cm above ground level with a chainsaw. To monitor stand structure, we collected data on common forest attributes such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and TreMs of all trees in the six experimental and six control plots measuring 0.25 ha in size before the treatments were carried out in 2016 and again in 2020/21. We analyzed the abundance and richness of TreMs using generalized linear mixed models with DBH and treatment vs. control as predictors. The SCE treatment resulted in a significant increase in deadwood volumes (4.2 vs. 439.5 m³) as well as in TreM abundance and richness (increase of 0.74 TreMs per tree). This indicates that the SCE treatment was effective to increase biodiversity-relevant structures such as deadwood and TreMs, in previously managed Norway spruce-dominated stands. The ongoing monitoring of a range of taxonomic groups (birds, bats, small mammals, coleoptera, fungi, mosses, and vascular plants) in this experiment will demonstrate to what extent the enhancement in structural complexity will lead to an enrichment in species richness and diversity.     

Ultradian cycles in mice: definitions and links with REMS and NREMS

Sleep can be organized in two quite different ways across homeothermic species: either in one block (monophasic), or in several bouts across the 24 h (polyphasic). Yet, the main relationships between variables, as well as regulating mechanisms, are likely to be similar. Correlations and theories on sleep regulation should thus be examined on both types of sleepers. In previous studies on monophasic humans, we have shown preferential links between the number of ultradian cycles and the rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) time, rather than with its counterpart non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). Here, the sleep of 26 polyphasic mice was examined, both to better describe the NREMS distribution, which is far more complex than in humans, and to replicate the analyses performed on humans. As in humans, the strongest links with the number of cycles were with REMS. Links were not significant with NREMS taken as a whole, although positive correlations were found with the NREMS immediately preceding REMS episodes and inversely significant with the residue. This convergence between monophasic and polyphasic patterns supports the central role played by REMS in sleep alternation.     

Using RAD seq for reconstructing phylogenies of highly diverged taxa: A test using the tribe Scandiceae (Apiaceae)

The angiosperm Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae includes four major clades—subtribes Daucinae, Ferulinae, Torilidinae, and Scandicinae—that originated ca. 20 Mya. Although all four subtribes are highly supported in molecular analyses, and morphological data indicate a sister relationship between Daucinae and Torilidinae, their branching order has not been resolved using standard Sanger multilocus data. Therefore, in this study, we test the utility of genomic RAD seq data in resolving deep phylogenetic relationships (up to 20 Mya) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae, with special emphasis on tribe Scandiceae using 12 representative species. We used two bioinformatic pipelines, pyRAD and RADIS (based on STACKS), to assemble RAD seq data and we tested the influence of various combinations of parameters on the robustness of the inferred tree topologies. Although different data processing approaches produced alignments with various amounts of missing data, they converged to two well‐supported topologies, irrespective of the phylogenetic method applied. Highly supported trees showed Scandicinae as sister to all other clades and indicated that Daucinae and Torilidinae are sister groups, thus confirming the relationship inferred from morphology. We conclude that the RAD seq method can be successfully used to resolve deep relationships formed 20 Mya within Apiaceae. We provide recommendations for parameter settings in RADIS and pyRAD for the analysis of taxa that have accumulated considerable genomic divergence.     

The Effect of ATP (Disodium Salt) upon Rotational Streaming

Through the continuous treatment with various solutions of ATP disodium salt the rotational streaming of the cytoplasma in barley root hairs has been stimulated about 1.2–1.7 times. With the concentrations employed the stimulation of the streaming did not depend on the external ATP supply, but on the initial rate of streaming. It is assumed that the main source of energy supporting the protoplasmic streaming is ATP. Therefore, the results obtained may be interpreted on the basis of variations in ATP content and its degradation products. The differences between initial rates of streaming are supposed to be due to variations of the endogenous ATP level. The ATP taken up probably stimulates the rotational streaming both through the supply of delivered energy and by lowering the cytoplasm viscosity. On the contrary, products of ATP hydrolysis increase the cytoplasm viscosity and induce a lowering or even cessation of the streaming.