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21.
Selection of Wine Yeasts for Growth and Fermentation in the Presence of Ethanol and Sucrose 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
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![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Tahía Benítez Lucas del Castillo Andrs Aguilera Jaime Conde E. Cerdolmedo 《Applied microbiology》1983,45(5):1429-1436
To optimize the conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol, strains of several Saccharomyces species were examined for the ability to grow and ferment in a range of sucrose and ethanol concentrations. A total of 632 wine yeasts, most of them isolated from wineries in Andalusia and Extremadura, southwestern Spain, were subjected to screening and selection. Growth and fermentative capacity in different ethanol and sucrose concentrations varied from one strain to another. There was no correlation between growth and fermentative capacity. The best 35 strains grew in 15% ethanol and fermented in 18% ethanol. Ethanol accumulated, although at a reduced rate, after the cells stopped growing. Most yeast strains were highly fermentative in 50% sucrose. Some of them effectively utilized the carbohydrates of the culture, yielding final ethanol concentrations of > 14%. Of the 35 selected strains, 16 were promising for genetic analysis and breeding because of their capacity to sporulate. These strains were homothallic, and their spores were viable. The meiotic products analyzed so far were also homothallic. 相似文献
22.
A study of the fine structure of Caenorhabditis briggsae revealed several features not previously described in free-living nematodes. These were: chambered walls of the stoma, zonula adherens in the esophagus, daedaloid folds in the inner surface of the uterus and openings in the terminal web of the intestinal epithelium. Other structures observed in these studies were similar to those described from other free-living nematodes. 相似文献
23.
Pyruvic acid, lactic acid and several tricarboxylic acid cycle acids were extracted from Ditylenchus triformis and Turbatrix aceti and identified. Fumaric acid was predominant in both nematodes. Small amounts o f malic and α-ketoglutaric acids and intermediate quantities o f lactic, citric, succinic, and pyruvic acids occurred in D. triformis. In T. aceti citric, lactic, and α-ketoglutaric acids were less abundant than succinic, malic and pyruvic acids. Only traces of aconitic and oxalacetic acids occurred in both nematodes. All the organic acids detected accounted for only about one per cent of the dry weight of nematodes o f the two species. 相似文献
24.
25.
Extracellular action potentials recorded from the interior of the giant esophageal cell of Ascaris 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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![点击此处可从《The Journal of general physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Exploration of the cytoplasm of the giant esophageal cell of Ascaris with a recording microelectrode shows the existence of shallow spaces where the microelectrode tip becomes extracellular in spite of being in the interior of the cell. When the microelectrode penetrates into these spaces from the cytoplasm, the resting potential shifts to a different level or entirely disappears. At the same time the large intracellular spikes are replaced by small transients similar to extracellularly recorded action potentials. It is concluded that such spaces are in communication with the external solution, and separated from the cytoplasm by an electrically active membrane; i.e., able to generate action potentials. Measurement of the potential differences between the interior of the spaces and the external solution shows that although some are not polarized, many spaces have a resting potential of the same polarity as that of the cytoplasm. It is suggested that although they are of larger size these spaces may be equivalent to the tubular systems which in other muscle cells are known to be involved in the spread of excitation into the cytoplasm. 相似文献
26.
T P Fondy J Everse G A Driscoll F Castillo F E Stolzenbach N O Kaplan 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1965,240(11):4219-4234
27.
M Morales J del Castillo D S Smith 《Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, Comp. Pharmacol. Toxicol.》1989,94(2):547-554
1. The changes in the consistence of the spine-test articular capsule, or ligament, of the primary spines of Eucidaris tribuloides induced by acetylcholine (ACh) have been studied. Two complementary techniques were used: (a) "forced-vibration", which detects variations in the stiffness of the ligament along a single diametral plane; and (b) "forced-rotation" which records the spatial distribution of those changes. 2. ACh (1 microM to 1 mM) caused a rapid increase in the resistive force opposed by the ligament to passive stretching. Similar effects were elicited by several monoquaternary, N-substituted derivatives of trimethylammonium. 3. The opposite effect, i.e. softening, was induced by decamethonium, dimethylphenylpiperazine, and 2-ketoamyltrimethylammonium. 4. The involvement in these effects of ACh-binding groups with pharmacological properties similar to those of the "anionic sites" of nicotinic ACh receptors is suggested. 相似文献
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29.
Ca transport in membrane vesicles from pinto bean leaves and its alteration after ozone exposure
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![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The influence of ozone on Ca2+ transport in plant membranes from pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var Pinto) leaves was investigated in vitro by means of a filtration method using purified vesicles. Two transport mechanisms located at the plasma membrane are involved in a response to ozone: (a) passive Ca2+ influx into the cell and (b) active Ca2+ efflux driven by an ATP-dependent system, which has two components: a primary Ca2+ transport directly linked to ATP which is partially activated by calmodulin and a H+/Ca2+ antiport coupled to activity of a H+-ATPase. The passive Ca2+ permeability is increased by ozone. A triangular pulse of ozone stimulates a higher influx of Ca2+ than does a square wave, even though the total dose was the same (0.6 microliter per liter × hour). Leaves exposed to a square wave did not exhibit visible injury and were still able to recover from oxidant stress by activation of calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms. On the other hand, leaves exposed to a triangular wave of ozone, exhibit visible injury and lost the ability of extruding Ca2+ out of the cell. 相似文献
30.
F. J. Castillo 《Oecologia》1996,107(4):469-477
The antioxidative protection during the C3-CAM shift induced by water stress was investigated in the temperate succulent Sedum album L. The C3-CAM shift was characterized in terms of CO2 exchange, titratable acidity and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Well-watered plants displayed C3-like patterns of gas exchange and exhibited a mild day-night acid fluctuation indicating that those plants were performing CAM-cycling metabolism. Imposed drought highly stimulated CAM cycling, decreasing the net CO2 uptake during the day, eliminating net CO2 efflux at night and stimulating tissue acid fluctuations. As water deficit developed, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed a decrease in the Fv/Fm ratio, indicating that photoinhibition could follow after severe drought. Protection might be performed by the increased activity of enzymes involved in the destruction of free radicals and oxidants, but their response depended on the water status of the plant. Ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities increased in plants subjected to mild stress but declined during severe water stress. Catalase activity, however, was quite stable under mild water stress and was clearly inhibited under severe water stress. At this stage, glutathione reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase seemed to be very important in the protection against oxidants, both increasing considerably their activities under severe water stress. Even if recycling has been shown to alleviate photoinhibition, our results clearly demonstrate that antioxidative enzymes play an important role in the protection of plants from oxidants during the C3-CAM shift induced by water stress. 相似文献