利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但影响因素仍起主要作用。     

新疆醉马草化学成分的研究

用95％和60％乙醇提取、溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、重结晶等方法从新疆醉马草提取分离得到8个活性化合物,根据IR、MS、NMR等光谱技术方法分别鉴定为adenosine(1),veratroylzygadenine(2),germerine(3),十六烷酸2,3-二羟基丙酯(4),3-O-glucoside-veratramine(5),胡萝卜甙(6),4′,6,7-三羟基-3′,5′-二甲氧基黄酮(7),蔗糖(8)。这些成分均为首次从该植物及该属中获得。     

Preen oil composition of Pied Flycatchers is similar between partners but differs between sexes and breeding stages

Preen oil, the secretion of the uropygial gland, may be an important source of body odour in birds. By characterizing the chemical composition of preen oil, we can describe the olfactory phenotypes of birds and investigate whether odours could have a function in sexual signalling or other chemical communication. Here we analysed the preen oil of a wild passerine, the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, to find out whether it holds socially relevant information. We sampled both the female and male of breeding pairs during nestling rearing to test for sex differences and within-pair similarity. We additionally sampled the females during incubation to test for changes across breeding stages and for individual repeatability of chemical profiles. Pair mates had similar chemical profiles in comparison with other breeding adults. Furthermore, we found evidence for sex differences and for changes across breeding stages. Notably, the preen oil of females was more diverse and more volatile than that of males, and the preen oil secreted by females during incubation was more volatile than that secreted during nestling rearing. However, we found no evidence for individual repeatability of chemical profiles across breeding stages in females. Our results point towards a function of preen oil in sexual signalling, although other functions should not be excluded. Our study is a first step towards understanding the role of odours in the social life of an important avian model species used in the study of mate choice and sexual selection.     

用酵母双杂交系统筛选影响apo-AI和SR-BI相互作用的苦豆子活性成分

本文通过将苦豆子总提取物及其分离得到的10个组分加入含有AH109菌株(携带大鼠apo-AI及其受体SR-BI全基因)的培养基中,利用报告基因半乳糖苷酶活力有无变化来寻找能够促进大鼠载脂蛋白apo-AI及其受体SR-BI相互作用的激动剂.经测试,我们观察到苦豆子总提取物(K-1),在上述系统中能显著增强这两种蛋白的相互作用.继续用硅胶柱层析方法从k-1中分出10个组分后,利用酵母双杂交系统再次筛选,发现有五个组分能增强两种蛋白的相互作用,(与空白对照组相比其中有两个组分有极显著差异)另外三个组分显著地抑制上述两种蛋白的相互作用,剩下的两个组分则没有差异.该实验还提示该酵母双杂交系统可能成为一种跟踪具有调脂功能的先导化合物的有效方法.     

3种香薷属植物染色体数目与核型分析

参照植物根尖细胞学研究的方法标准,对香薷属3种(5个居群)植物进行核形态学分析。结果表明:(1)从染色体数目看,密花香薷2居群染色体数目2n=16;野苏子2居群染色体数目2n=20,染色体数目和倍性与前人报道的一致;毛穗香薷染色体数目2n=10为首次报道。(2)聚类分析结果显示,3种(5居群)植物中野苏子和密花香薷亲缘关系较近;结合现有报道数据分析表明,该属植物仅有2种倍性(二倍体和四倍体),且二倍体占主导地位。(3)核型参数分析表明:密花香薷的稻城无名山居群1核型公式为2n=2x=16=14m+2sm,居群2为2n=2x=16=16m,着丝粒指数(CI)分别为39.57和42.32,不对称系数AI值分别为2.75和2.87,核型不对称性都为1A型;毛穗香薷的核型公式为2n=2x=10=10m,着丝粒指数(CI)为41.76,不对称系数AI值为5.25,核型不对称性为1B型;野苏子的昆明西山居群核型公式为2n=2x=20=14m+6sm,聂拉木樟木沟居群为2n=2x=20=16m+4sm,着丝粒指数(CI)分别为38.49和40.97,不对称系数AI值为4.20和4.30,核型不对称性为1B型和2B型。