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961.
Müller WE Schlossmacher U Eckert C Krasko A Boreiko A Ushijima H Wolf SE Tremel W Müller IM Schröder HC 《European journal of cell biology》2007,86(8):473-487
The skeleton of the siliceous sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) is supported by spicules composed of bio-silica. In the axial canals of megascleres, harboring the axial filaments, three isoforms of the enzyme silicatein (-alpha, -beta and -gamma) have been identified until now, using the demosponges Tethya aurantium and Suberites domuncula. Here we describe the composition of the proteinaceous components of the axial filament from small spicules, the microscleres, in the demosponge Geodia cydonium that possesses megascleres and microscleres. The morphology of the different spicule types is described. Also in G. cydonium the synthesis of the spicules starts intracellularly and they are subsequently extruded to the extracellular space. In contrast to the composition of the silicateins in the megascleres (isoforms: -alpha, -beta and -gamma), the axial filaments of the microscleres contain only one form of silicatein, termed silicatein-alpha/beta, with a size of 25kDa. Silicatein-alpha/beta undergoes three phosphorylation steps. The gene encoding silicatein-alpha/beta was identified and found to comprise the same characteristic sites, described previously for silicateins-alpha or -beta. It is hypothesized, that the different composition of the axial filaments, with respect to silicateins, contributes to the morphology of the different types of spicules. 相似文献
962.
A recombinant oxidation/reduction cycle for the conversion of D-fructose to D-mannitol was established in resting cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Whole cells were used as biocatalysts, supplied with 250 mM sodium formate and 500 mM D-fructose at pH 6.5. The mannitol dehydrogenase gene (mdh) from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was overexpressed in strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032. To ensure sufficient cofactor [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form, NADH)] supply, the fdh gene encoding formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae N10 was coexpressed. The recombinant C. glutamicum cells produced D-mannitol at a constant production rate of 0.22 g (g cdw)−1 h−1. Expression of the glucose/fructose facilitator gene glf from Zymomonas mobilis in C. glutamicum led to a 5.5-fold increased productivity of 1.25 g (g cdw)−1 h−1, yielding 87 g l−1
D-mannitol from 93.7 g l−1
D-fructose. Determination of intracellular NAD(H) concentration during biotransformation showed a constant NAD(H) pool size
and a NADH/NAD+ ratio of approximately 1. In repetitive fed-batch biotransformation, 285 g l−1
D-mannitol over a time period of 96 h with an average productivity of 1.0 g (g cdw)−1 h−1 was formed. These results show that C. glutamicum is a favorable biocatalyst for long-term biotransformation with resting cells.
Dedicated to Prof. Hermann Sahm on the occasion of his 65th birthday. 相似文献
963.
Stingl K Brandt S Uhlemann EM Schmid R Altendorf K Zeilinger C Ecobichon C Labigne A Bakker EP de Reuse H 《The EMBO journal》2007,26(1):232-241
To date, the biological role of prokaryotic K(+) channels remains unknown. Helicobacter pylori contains a gene encoding a putative K(+) channel (HpKchA) of the two-transmembrane RCK (regulation of K(+) conductance) domain family, but lacks known bacterial K(+) uptake systems. A H. pylori DeltahpKchA mutant presented a strong growth defect at low K(+) concentration, which was compensated by KCl addition. The role of the separate RCK domain was investigated in H. pylori by mutagenesis of its internal start codon, which led to a K(+)-dependent intermediate growth phenotype, consistent with RCK activating channel function. Tagging HpKchA C-terminally, we detected a 1:1 stoichiometry of the full-length HpKchA and the separate RCK domain. We constructed single amino-acid exchanges within the unusual selectivity filter of HpKchA (ATGFGA) in H. pylori and observed complete loss (G74A), a slight defect (G76A or F75G) or wild-type (A77D) channel function. HpKchA was essential for colonization of the murine stomach. These data show, for the first time, a biological function for a prokaryotic K(+) channel, as a K(+) uptake system, essential for the persistence of H. pylori in the gastric environment. 相似文献
964.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are highly abundant in the genome and especially useful in the search for disease susceptibility genes via population-based association or linkage studies. Therefore, there is a strong need for high throughput and reliable methodologies to assess the SNP genotypes. Despite an unambiguous result of an SNP analysis, with the use of a commercial kit based on primer extension, subsequent sequencing analysis revealed that a proportion of the genotypes was not correctly assessed. The problem we have encountered may originate from specific structures in the genomic DNA sequence, rather than being a methodological problem. 相似文献
965.
Haning H Mueller U Schmidt G Schmeck C Voehringer V Kretschmer A Bischoff H 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(14):3992-3996
Novel heterocyclic thyromimetics are presented carrying carboxy-substituted benzofurans or sulfur containing heterocycles, as replacements for the amino acid side chain of T3. Potent agonists were identified in both series. SAR trends are examined and found to be mostly consistent with previously published thyromimetics. The lack of isoform selectivity demonstrated with isoform-selective transient THR transfection assays has been confirmed by corresponding in vivo studies. 相似文献
966.
967.
The trade in medicinal plants for herbal remedies is large and probably increasing. The trade has attracted the attention
of scientists and development planners interested in the impact on plant populations and the potential to improve rural livelihoods
through community based management and conservation. This has resulted in a large number of publications and development activities,
ranging from small NGO projects to new government policies. Through a review of 119 references from Nepal, 4 common assumptions
regarding the medicinal plant collection and trade have been identified: I. The commercial medicinal plant resource base is
becoming ever more degraded as a consequence of collection; II. The medicinal plants are an open-access resource; III. Cultivation
can contribute to conservation of commercially collected medicinal plant species; and IV. Medicinal plant harvesters are cheated
by middlemen. The frequency of the assumptions is documented, their empirical support is evaluated, and the consequences of
their presence for conservation and rural livelihoods are discussed. It is concluded that the empirical backing for the assumptions
is weak, and that some reviewed references use logically flawed argumentation. It is argued that the assumptions are leading
to misguided conservation efforts, and an inclusive approach to conservation of commercial central Himalayan medicinal plant
species is briefly outlined.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
968.
Utility of DNA taxonomy and barcoding for the inference of larval community structure in morphologically cryptic Chironomus (Diptera) species 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Biodiversity studies require species level analyses for the accurate assessment of community structures. However, while specialized taxonomic knowledge is only rarely available for routine identifications, DNA taxonomy and DNA barcoding could provide the taxonomic basis for ecological inferences. In this study, we assessed the community structure of sediment dwelling, morphologically cryptic Chironomus larvae in the Rhine-valley plain/Germany, comparing larval type classification, cytotaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and barcoding. While larval type classification performed poorly, cytotaxonomy and DNA-based methods yielded comparable results: detrended correspondence analysis and permutation analyses indicated that the assemblages are not randomly but competitively structured. However, DNA taxonomy identified an additional species that could not be resolved by the traditional method. We argue that DNA-based identification methods such as DNA barcoding can be a valuable tool to increase accuracy, objectivity and comparability of the taxonomic assessment in biodiversity and community ecology studies. 相似文献
969.
Purification, cloning and characterization of a novel peroxidase isozyme from sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rompel A Albers M Naseri JI Gerdemann C Büldt-Karentzopoulos K Jasper B Krebs B 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2007,1774(11):1422-1430
An anionic peroxidase from sweetpotato tubers is purified and characterized. The isozyme ibPrx15 is purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using a concanavalin A column. The isoelectric point was determined to pI 4.9. MALDI-MS detected a singly charged molecule with a mass of 42029 Da. Absorption spectra of ibPrx15 compounds I, II and III were obtained after treatment with H(2)O(2) at room temperature. Comparative data of ibPrx15 on substrate specificity to tobacco anionic peroxidase (TOP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reveal similar specific activity towards a series of conventional substrates except for iodide, which is a two-electron donor interacting directly with the compound I derivative in the catalytic cycle. ibPrx15 exhibits a high specific activity towards iodide about 10(3)-fold to that of tobacco peroxidase. The amino acid sequence of the main isozyme ibPrx15 was determined by Edman degradation and by sequencing the amplified cDNA fragments. ibPrx15 has 86% identity to another Ipomoea sequence ibPrx05 and 72% identity with a sequence from Populus trichocarpa (PtPrx72). 相似文献