五种荒漠灌木群落土壤有机碳垂直分布及其与根系分布的关系

研究土壤有机碳与根系分布之间关系对评估碳储量和固碳潜力具有重要意义,而我国荒漠区灌木群落土壤有机碳与植物根系之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究选取深根性表层型灌木(表层根系生物量最大)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendro)和中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)、深根性非表层型(表层根系生物量不是最大)灌木白刺(Nitratia tangutorum)、浅根性表层型灌木红砂(Reaumuria songarica)及浅根性非表层型灌木霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)为优势种的5种荒漠灌木群落为研究对象,测定100 cm深度内不同层次根系生物量及土壤有机碳含量,探讨灌木群落土壤有机碳的垂直分布格局及其与根系之间的关系。结果显示:(1)0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度与群落0~20 cm根系生物量碳密度显著正相关,与其他层次或累积深度不显著相关;(2)梭梭群落0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度显著低于与其他4个群落(P0.01),其他4个群落无显著差异(P0.05);(3)优势种为表层型的梭梭、中间锦鸡儿和红砂群落土壤有机碳密度与群落及优势种根系变化趋势一致,优势种为浅根性非表层型的霸王群落仅表层40 cm土壤有机碳与优势种灌木根系分布规律一致,优势种为深根性非表层型的白刺群落土壤有机碳与优势种根系分布规律一致。本研究表明,荒漠灌木群落0~100 cm土壤有机碳储量与群落0~20 cm根系生物量显著相关,群落优势种根系分布类型是影响土壤有机碳垂直分布格局的重要因素。     

An asymptotic theory for model selection inference in general semiparametric problems

Hjort & Claeskens (2003) developed an asymptotic theoryfor model selection, model averaging and subsequent inferenceusing likelihood methods in parametric models, along with associatedconfidence statements. In this article, we consider a semiparametricversion of this problem, wherein the likelihood depends on parametersand an unknown function, and model selection/averaging is tobe applied to the parametric parts of the model. We show thatall the results of Hjort & Claeskens hold in the semiparametriccontext, if the Fisher information matrix for parametric modelsis replaced by the semiparametric information bound for semiparametricmodels, and if maximum likelihood estimators for parametricmodels are replaced by semiparametric efficient profile estimators.Our methods of proof employ Le Cam's contiguity lemmas, leadingto transparent results. The results also describe the behaviourof semiparametric model estimators when the parametric componentis misspecified, and also have implications for pointwise-consistentmodel selectors.     

Effects of High K+ and Alkaline pH on Ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina Chloroplasts

It was reported that the growth of Dunaliella salina Teod. cultured in medium containing 1 mol/L NaC1 was almost completely inhibited by the addition of 100 mmol/L KC1. The high K+ (100 mmol/L KC1) treatment also significantly inhibited the photosynthetic rate of D. salina and decreased chlorophyll contents in algae. This study focuses on possible effects of high K+ or alkaline pH on the ultrastructural change of chloroplasts in D. salina. After D. salina was cultured in a medium containing 100 n,anol/L KC1 or in a medium with alkaline pH for 8 to 10 days, dramatic ultrastructural changes occurred in the chloroplasts including thylakoid swelling, volume increase of chloroplast, and significant accumulation of starch grains in chloroplasts. The results are consistent with our previous report indicating that the ultrastmctuml changes in chloroplast under high K + or alkaline pH may lead to an inhibitory effects on photosynthesis and overall growth of D. salina.     

Characterization of Genome and Chromosomes in Octoploid Wheat wheatgrass Amphiploid Zhong 2 Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Chromosome Pairing Analysis

Genomic constitution of octoploid wheat-wheatgrass amphiploid Zhong 2 was analyzed by chromosome pairing and fluorescence in sim hybridization techniques. The results indicated that the octoploid wheatwheatgrass chromosomes in Zhong 2 were derived from the distant homologous genomes of wheatgrass ( Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.B. = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski = Thinotopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and Dewey, and thew distant homologous genomes were not from the E geaome of T. elongatum 2x. Zhong 2 contained 12 wheatgrass chromosomes in which a pair of chromosomes was involved in translocation between wheatgrass and wheat chromosomes.     

Habitat use and selection by Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis in winter in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China

We report the distribution and habitat selection by the Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis in winter in the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Including original wetlands and artificial habitats, six types of habitat are used by the species: saltworks (salinas), fish ponds, reed beds, Wormwood Artemisia halodendron beaches, tidal grasslands and wheat fields. We compared the habitat availability with habitat use in each type. In winter, Red-crowned Crane preferentially used tidal grasslands and fish ponds. Saltworks, Wormwood beaches and wheat fields were avoided. The distribution of Red-crowned Crane in different types of habitat changed with the distribution of freshwater and with human activities.     

家蚕五龄幼虫血淋巴内维生素的研究

本实验对家蚕Bombyx mori五龄健康的雌雄幼虫、氟中毒的雌幼虫、细胞质多角体病毒(CPV)感染的雄幼虫血淋巴内的烟酸、烟酰胺、吡哆辛(VB₆)、硫胺素(VB₁)及核黄素(VB₂)含量,采用离子对反相色谱法进行了定量测定.在五龄幼虫发育阶段,血淋巴内每种维生素含量均是雌蚕高于雄蚕,健康者高于病态者,且病蚕含维生素的量持续下降;烟酸和烟酰胺浓度一直减少,可能是部分烟酸、烟酰胺在酶作用下与某些蛋白质结合,部分烟酸、烟酰胺形成NADP酶的缘故;VB₆、VB₁和VB₂浓度增加,是幼虫大量摄食、贮存能量和营养,供日后生命循环需要的结果.     

蚤类在宿主体表的分布及温度和蚤数的关系

本文研究了方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris和二齿新蚤Neopsylla bidentatiformis在小白鼠体表的分布及环境温度和体表蚤数的关系.结果证明,在各种温度下,鼠背部蚤数均多于腹部.5℃时,鼠前部蚤数多于后部;10—20℃时,前部与后部蚤数相近;25—40℃时,后部蚤数多于前部.鼠后背部蚤数随温度升高而增多,前腹部蚤数随温度升高而减少;温度越高二者之差越大,说明温度越高蚤越向后背部集中.鼠体蚤数较少时,背部与腹部,前部与后部,蚤数差别明显;鼠体蚤数过多时,各部位蚤数无大差别.     

中国侧斑金龟属四新种记述(鞘翅目:金龟总科, 斑金龟科)

本文记述斑金龟科(Trichiidae)侧斑金龟属Paratrichius中的4个新种,标本分别采自我国福建、海南、四川和云南四省。新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 1.环侧斑金龟Paratrichius circularis新种