全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6767篇 |
免费 | 528篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 116篇 |
2021年 | 193篇 |
2020年 | 118篇 |
2019年 | 132篇 |
2018年 | 155篇 |
2017年 | 127篇 |
2016年 | 219篇 |
2015年 | 394篇 |
2014年 | 423篇 |
2013年 | 495篇 |
2012年 | 625篇 |
2011年 | 559篇 |
2010年 | 369篇 |
2009年 | 353篇 |
2008年 | 456篇 |
2007年 | 417篇 |
2006年 | 358篇 |
2005年 | 301篇 |
2004年 | 266篇 |
2003年 | 288篇 |
2002年 | 258篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有7296条查询结果,搜索用时 5 毫秒
11.
Caroline van Haaften-Day Peter Russell Susan Carr Lesley Wright 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(10):965-971
Summary A cell line derived from a human ovarian carcinosarcoma was established in tissue culture and in nude mice. Two sublines,
LDF and HDF, separated by discontinuous density centrifugation were also established from the parent line JoN. The cloning
efficiency of the JoN line was 21%. Morphologic features of adenocarcinoma cells characteristic of the parent JoN cells were
retained in the sublines and clones; all lines showed the same karyotype and DNA content (pseudodiploid and pseudotetraploid).
Keratin, as demonstrated immunohistochemically, was strongly expressed in the parent line JoN and the xenograft tumor, but
not at all in the LDF sublines and only moderately in the HDF sublines. Vimentin, however, was expressed in neither the parent
line JoN nor the xenograft tumor, but was present in both sublines. Transglutaminase and plasminogen activator activity was
high in the parent line JoN. Neither, sublines nor clones showed the same high enzyme activity as the parent line. It is concluded
that this human tumor line JoN is comprised of epithelial cells, capable of multidirectional differentiation. 相似文献
12.
13.
Dennis T. Villareal Caroline M. Apovian Robert F. Kushner Samuel Klein 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(11):1849-1863
Obesity causes serious medical complications and impairs quality of life. Moreover, in older persons, obesity can exacerbate the age‐related decline in physical function and lead to frailty. However, appropriate treatment for obesity in older persons is controversial because of the reduction in relative health risks associated with increasing body mass index and the concern that weight loss could have potential harmful effects in the older population. This joint position statement from the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society reviews the clinical issues related to obesity in older persons and provides health professionals with appropriate weight‐management guidelines for obese older patients. The current data show that weight‐loss therapy improves physical function, quality of life, and the medical complications associated with obesity in older persons. Therefore, weight‐loss therapy that minimizes muscle and bone losses is recommended for older persons who are obese and who have functional impairments or medical complications that can benefit from weight loss. 相似文献
14.
Caroline S. Page Franz M. Matschinsky Paule E. Lacy Susan Conant 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1977,497(2):408-414
Electrophysiological studies of cultured rat pancreatic β-cells using intracellular microelectrodes show that exogenous insulin over the range of 0.1–10.0 μg/ml inhibits the electrical activity due to 27.8 mM glucose in a dose-related manner. This inhibitory effect is manifested by a mean increase of the membrane potential from about ?20 to ?30 mV and inhibition of the manner of cells impaled showing spike activity from 60 to less than 10%. The inhibitory influence of insulin is rapid occuring within 5 min for the highest level used. The results provide evidence for a negative feedback role of insulin in regulating its own release. 相似文献
15.
Holthuisana transversa reabsorbs much of its exoskeletal calcium in the last 3 days before ecdysis and stores it in circulating granules in the haemocoel and in non-circulating granules in the subepidermal connective tissue. Calcium enters the epidermal cells from the moulting fluid, probably through their apical microvilli and is either incorporated into intracellular calcium granules or exits the cell via the basolateral membranes to be used in formation of two other granule types. Intracellular granules (0.4–2 μm long) form in large masses in the apical cytoplasm of the epidermal cells. They are formed as membrane-bound vesicles by the Golgi, and calcium and organic matrix material are added from the surrounding cytoplasm. As development proceeds, lamellae appear and calcium carbonate is deposited in the matrix. Granule masses move basally and are stored in the connective tissue. Calcium is also incorporated into extracellular large granules (0.8–3.8 μm long) which are formed in narrow intercellular channels between epidermal cells. A third granule type (small granules, 0.26 μm diameter) is formed in subepidermal connective tissue cells and released into the haemolymph in very large numbers. Calcium was identified in the two larger granule types using X-ray microanalysis and significant amounts of phosphorus and potassium were also present in the large granules. A model for ion cycling between the exoskeleton and granules is presented. 相似文献
16.
17.
Belinda Martineau H. Jane Smith Caroline Dean Pamela Dunsmuir John Bedbrook Laurens J. Mets 《Plant molecular biology》1989,13(4):419-426
We report the successful transformation, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection, and regeneration of two species of the genus Flaveria: F. brownii and F. palmeri. We document the expression of a C3 plant gene, an abundantly expressed ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene isolated from petunia, in these C4 plants. The organ-specific expression of this petunia gene in Flaveria brownii is qualitatively identical to its endogenous pattern of expression. 相似文献
18.
Medial edge epithelium transforms to mesenchyme after embryonic palatal shelves fuse 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The disappearance of palatal medial edge epithelium (MEE) after fusion of secondary palatal shelves is often cited as a classical example of embryonic remodeling by programmed cell death. We reinvestigated this phenomenon in 16-day rat embryos, using light and electron microscopy. We confirm reports that the periderm of the two-layered MEE begins to slough after shelves assume horizontal positions. In vitro, peridermal cells are not able to slough and are trapped during the adhesion process. In vivo, however, surface cells shed before the shelves in the anterior palate adhere, allowing junctions to form between opposing basal epithelial cells. Midline seams so formed consist of two layers of basal cells, all of which appear healthy. Even though its cells are dividing, growth of the seam fails to keep pace with palatal growth and it thins to one layer of cells, and then breaks up into small islands. The basal lamina disappears and elongating MEE cells extend filopodia into adjacent connective tissue. Electron micrographs reveal transitional steps in loss of epithelial characteristics and gain of fibroblast-like features by transforming MEE cells. One such feature, observed with the aid of immunofluorescence, is the turn of the mesenchymal cytoskeletal protein, vimentin. No cell death or macrophages are observed after adhesion and thinning over most of the palate. These data indicate that MEE is an ectoderm that retains the ability to transform into mesenchymal cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation may be expressed in other embryonic remodelings (R.L. Trelstad, A. Hayashi, K. Hayashi, and P.K. Donahue, 1982, Dev. Biol. 92, 27), resulting in heretofore unsuspected conservation of embryonic cell populations. 相似文献
19.
Pascal Demange Salomé Wendenbaum Caroline Linget Christian Mertz Manh Thong Cung Anne Dell Mohamed A. Abdallah 《Biometals》1990,3(3-4):155-170
Summary In iron-deficient conditions,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 synthesizes two major siderophores, pyoverdins Pa and pyoverdin Pa B. Two other compounds, pyoverdin Pa A (occurring from hydrolysis of pyoverdin Pa during the culture) and pyoverdin Pa C (occurring artifactually during the purification procedure) were also isolated. All these compounds possess the same partly cyclic peptide chain
wherel-Orn(OH · HCO) isN
-formyl,N
-hydroxy-l-ornithine. The chain is bound to a chromophore derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline and having the (S) configuration. The four pyoverdins differ only in the acyl substituent bound to the nitrogen atom bound to carbon C3 of the chromophore. This is succinamide (pyoverdin Pa), succinic acid (pyoverdin Pa A), methyl succinate (pyoverdin Pa C) and 2-oxoglutaric acid (pyoverdin Pa B). The complete1H- and13CNMR assignments, using two-dimensional total correlation NMR spectroscopy (TOCSY) and rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) procedures, as well as1H-13C correlations, are reported. The complete sequence of the peptide using CH-NH correlations was achieved by NMR and confirmed the partly cyclic structure earlier reported using fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) on the siderophores and their dansylated fragments [Briskot G, Taraz K, Budzikiewicz H (1989)Liebigs Ann Chem: 375–384]. The use of these NMR procedures appears to be a tool of choice and a complementary approach to FAB-MS in the structure determination of some complex pyoverdins.Abbreviations Ser
serine
- Arg
arginine
- Thr
ethreonine
- Lys
lysine
- OHOrn
N
-hydroxyornithine
- Chr
chromophore 相似文献
20.
Caroline Kay 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1988,297(6642):204-205