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81.
Aline Planchon Gaëlle Durambur Jean‐Baptiste Besnier Carole Plasson Bruno Gügi Sophie Bernard Annabelle Mrieau Jean‐Paul Trouv Caroline Dubois Karine Laval Azeddine Driouich Jean‐Claude Mollet Richard Gattin 《Plant, cell & environment》2021,44(1):304-322
In Normandy, flax is a plant of important economic interest because of its fibres. Fusarium oxysporum, a telluric fungus, is responsible for the major losses in crop yield and fibre quality. Several methods are currently used to limit the use of phytochemicals on crops. One of them is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) occurring naturally in the rhizosphere. PGPR are known to act as local antagonists to soil‐borne pathogens and to enhance plant resistance by eliciting the induced systemic resistance (ISR). In this study, we first investigated the cell wall modifications occurring in roots and stems after inoculation with the fungus in two flax varieties. First, we showed that both varieties displayed different cell wall organization and that rapid modifications occurred in roots and stems after inoculation. Then, we demonstrated the efficiency of a Bacillus subtilis strain to limit Fusarium wilt on both varieties with a better efficiency for one of them. Finally, thermo‐gravimetry was used to highlight that B. subtilis induced modifications of the stem properties, supporting a reinforcement of the cell walls. Our findings suggest that the efficiency and the mode of action of the PGPR B. subtilis is likely to be flax variety dependent. 相似文献
82.
Kopruszinski Caroline M. Swiokla Juliana Lee Yeon Sun Navratilova Edita VanderVeen Laurie Yang Miao Liu Yi Miyazaki Takahiro Schmidt William K. Zalevsky Jonathan Porreca Frank 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2021,41(5):949-960
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - Pharmacological evaluation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist properties of NKTR-181 in rodent models. Graded noxious stimulus intensities were used in... 相似文献
83.
Nir Hecht Caroline L Monteil Guy Perrire Marina Vishkautzan Eyal Gur 《Molecular biology and evolution》2021,38(3):761
The understanding of how proteins evolve to perform novel functions has long been sought by biologists. In this regard, two homologous bacterial enzymes, PafA and Dop, pose an insightful case study, as both rely on similar mechanistic properties, yet catalyze different reactions. PafA conjugates a small protein tag to target proteins, whereas Dop removes the tag by hydrolysis. Given that both enzymes present a similar fold and high sequence similarity, we sought to identify the differences in the amino acid sequence and folding responsible for each distinct activity. We tackled this question using analysis of sequence–function relationships, and identified a set of uniquely conserved residues in each enzyme. Reciprocal mutagenesis of the hydrolase, Dop, completely abolished the native activity, at the same time yielding a catalytically active ligase. Based on the available Dop and PafA crystal structures, this change of activity required a conformational change of a critical loop at the vicinity of the active site. We identified the conserved positions essential for stabilization of the alternative loop conformation, and tracked alternative mutational pathways that lead to a change in activity. Remarkably, all these pathways were combined in the evolution of PafA and Dop, despite their redundant effect on activity. Overall, we identified the residues and structural elements in PafA and Dop responsible for their activity differences. This analysis delineated, in molecular terms, the changes required for the emergence of a new catalytic function from a preexisting one. 相似文献
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86.
Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen Torkel Larsen Howard I. Browman Caroline Durif Nicolai Aasen Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad Alessandro Cresci Tonje Knutsen Sørdalen Reidun M. Bjelland Anne Berit Skiftesvik 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(4):1513-1518
The movement patterns of three commercially important wrasse (Labridae) species inside a small marine protected area (~ 0.15 km2) on the west coast of Norway were analysed over a period of 21 months. The mean distance between capture and recapture locations varied between 10 and 187 m, and was species and season specific. The extent of movement was not related to body size or sex. These results imply that a network of small strategically located marine protected areas can be used as management tools to protect wrasses from size- and sex-selective fishing mortality. 相似文献
87.
Dorette Vermeulen Christopher Klopper Caroline van Niekerk 《Arts Education Policy Review》2013,114(4):199-205
In light of the tendency to present the arts in an integrated fashion in many education systems worldwide, this article examines the consequences of integration for discrete art forms. In particular, we investigate the advantages of adopting a syntegrated approach to the facilitation of arts in teacher preparation. A specific comparison between the implementation of arts curricula in South Africa and Australia is made. The disjuncture between policy and practice in arts education that has been reported internationally needs constant monitoring. We conclude that the heart of curriculum transfer and transformation lies in the classroom. 相似文献
88.
Selective Autophagy: Talking with the UPS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Far from now are the days when investigators raced to identify the proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of their favorite protein. Nowadays, it is well accepted that a given protein can be degraded by different systems depending on factors such as cell type, cellular conditions, or functionality of each proteolytic pathway. The realization of this sharing of substrates among pathways has also helped to unveil deeper levels of communication among the different proteolytic systems. Thus, cells often respond to blockage of one degradative mechanism by upregulating any of the other available pathways. In addition, effectors and regulators of one proteolytic system can be degraded by a different proteolytic pathway that exerts, in this way, a regulatory function. In this mini review, we describe the different levels of cross-talk among autophagic pathways and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. We also provide examples of how this proteolytic communication is used for compensatory purposes in different pathological conditions and discuss the possible therapeutic potential of targeting the modulators of the cross-talk among proteolytic pathways. 相似文献
89.
Caroline Leland Neil Pederson Amy Hessl Baatarbileg Nachin Nicole Davi Rosanne D’Arrigo Gordon Jacoby 《Dendrochronologia》2013,31(3):205-215
In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Mongolia, the future of water resources under a warming climate is of particular concern. The influence of increasing temperatures on precipitation is difficult to predict because precipitation trends in coming decades could have a high degree of spatial variability. In this study, we applied a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) to a network of 20 tree-ring chronologies across central Mongolia from 1790 to 1994 to evaluate spatial hydroclimatic variability and to place recent variability in the context of the past several centuries. The RPCA results indicate that the network consists of four tree-growth anomaly regions, which were found to be relatively stable through time and space. Correlation analyses reveal spatial linkages between the tree-growth anomalies and instrumental data, where annual streamflow variability was strongly associated with tree-growth anomalies from their respective regions from 1959 to 1994 (r = 0.52–0.64, p < 0.05). This study highlights the extent of spatial variability in hydroclimate across central Mongolia and emphasizes the value of using tree-ring networks in locations with limited instrumental records. 相似文献
90.
Caroline P. Baron Lis Berner Leif H. Skibsted Hanne H.F. Refsgaard 《Free radical research》2013,47(7):777-785
Protection against protein oxidation by lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in model systems using bovine serum albumin (BSA) in solution alone, or in an emulsion with linolenic acid methyl ester (LnMe) was found to be strongly dependent on the oxidation initiator. Tocopherol, Trolox, or the carotenoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin were incubated with BSA or BSA/LnMe and oxidation was initiated either with the water-soluble azo-initiator 2,2′ azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), or FeCl3 and ascorbate, or the Fenton system using FeCl2/EDTA/H2O2, or with the singlet oxygen generating species anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid disodium 1,4 endoperoxide (NDPO2).The results show that all the antioxidants tested were inefficient in the system with FeCl3/ascorbate. However, with the other initiating agents, the hydrophilic antioxidant, Trolox, was the most effective in preventing both protein and lipid oxidation. In contrast the lipophilic antioxidants were ineffective in preventing oxidation of BSA in aqueous solution, but did show some moderate antioxidative activity on protein and lipid in the BSA/LnMe system. Using the singlet oxygen generating system it was also demonstrated that Trolox always provided better protection of the protein than tocopherol and the carotenoids in both the BSA and the BSA/LnMe systems. In conclusion, prevention of protein oxidation using a water-soluble antioxidant has a protective effect on the lipid fraction and this approach deserves further attention in complex biological systems. 相似文献