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101.
Carolina P. Bellusci Carlos Rocco Paula Aulicino Debora Mecikovsky Verónica Curras Soledad Hegoburu Guillermo F. Bramuglia Rosa Bologna Luisa Sen Andrea Mangano 《Gene》2013
Background
Variability in MDR1 and PXR has been associated with differences in drug plasma levels and response to antiretroviral therapy. We investigated whether polymorphisms in MDR1 (T-129C, C1236T and C3435T) and PXR (C63396T) affect lopinavir plasma concentration and the virological or immunological response to HAART in HIV-1-infected children.Methods
Genotypes were identified in 100 blood donors and 38 HIV-1-infected children. All children received HAART with lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (LPV/r) at the time of LPV plasma level quantification, before (Ctrough) and between 1 and 2 h after (Cpost-dose) the administration of the next dose of drug. CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma viral load were analyzed before and after the initiation of LPV/r.Results
MDR1 1236T, MDR1 3435T and PXR 63396T alleles showed a frequency of ~ 50% while the MDR1 -129C allele only reached 5%. Children heterozygotes 1236CT showed a significantly lower LPV Cpost-dose than homozygotes 1236TT (median Cpost-dose = 3.04 μg/ml and 6.50 μg/ml, respectively; p = 0.016). Children heterozygotes 1236CT also had a lower decrease of viral load after 36 weeks of LPV/r exposure compared with homozygotes 1236CC (median viral load changes = − 0.50 log10 copies/ml and − 2.08 log10 copies/ml, respectively; p = 0.047). No effect on the immunological response was observed for polymorphisms of MDR1 or PXR.Conclusions
Our results suggest that the MDR1 C1236T SNP significantly reduces LPV plasma concentration affecting the virological response to HAART. Heterozygotes 1236CT might have an altered level of P-gp expression/activity in enterocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes that limits the absorption of LPV leading to an impaired virological suppression. 相似文献102.
Aparecida de Lourdes Perim Roberta Losi Guembarovski Julie Massayo Maeda Oda Leandra Fiori Lopes Carolina Batista Ariza Marla Karine Amarante Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro Karen Brajão de Oliveira Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe 《Molecular biology reports》2013,40(7):4591-4596
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Genetic polymorphisms in the 3′UTR region of the CXCL12 (rs1801157) and TP53 codon 72 (rs1042522) genes may contribute to susceptibility to childhood ALL because they affect some important processes, such as metastasis regulation and tumor suppression. Thus the objective of the present study was to detect the frequency of two genetic polymorphisms in ALL patients and controls and to add information their impact on genetic susceptibility and prognosis. The CXCL12 and TP53 polymorphisms were tested in 54 ALL child patients and in 58 controls by restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction and allelic specific chain reaction techniques, respectively. The frequencies of both allelic variants were higher in ALL patients than in the controls and indicated a positive association: OR = 2.44; 95 % CI 1.05–5.64 for CXCL12 and OR = 2.20; 95 % CI 1.03–4.70 for TP53. Furthermore, when the two genetic variants were analyzed together, they increased significantly more than fivefold the risk of this neoplasia development (OR = 5.24; 95 % CI 1.39–19.75), indicating their potential as susceptibility markers for ALL disease and the relevance of the allelic variant combination to increased risk of developing malignant tumors. Future studies may indicate a larger panel of genes involved in susceptibility of childhood ALL and other hematological neoplasias. 相似文献
103.
Carolina Torres Mariana Mimosa Leonardo Galetto 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(8):1433-1441
Plant–pollinator interactions provide highly important ecological functions, and are influenced by floral nectar characteristics. The night blooming Datura ferox is an excellent model to test general hypotheses on the relationship between nectar traits (e.g., nectar secretion patterns, nectar chemical composition), pollinators and reproductive success for invasive, weedy species in highly modified ecosystems as crop fields. We hypothesized an adjustment between nectar composition and secretion dynamics through flower anthesis and the activity and requirements of nocturnal pollinators. Nectar chemical analyses showed low quantities of amino acids and lipids, phenolics, and alkaloids were not detected. D. ferox showed sucrose-dominant nectar with comparable amount of hexoses. Sugar proportions did not vary between populations or during flowering season. Most nectar is secreted before flower opening. Nectar resorption was detected at the end of anthesis. Experimentally drained flowers of both populations increased nectar production up to 50 % in the total amount of sugar per flower compared to control flowers. Nectar standing crop was relatively constant during the flowering season, but differences were detected between populations. Nectar traits of D. ferox would be favoring cross-pollination and maintaining seed production of this weed, since recently open flowers display a higher amount of nectar and they can renew nectar after a pollinator visit or reabsorb it at the end of anthesis. This nectar source may be important for native pollinators considering that human-induced forest fragmentation is related with the impoverishment of native flora from agro-ecosystems. 相似文献
104.
João Gabriel Silva Souza Carolina Veloso Lima Bárbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira Antônio Pedro Ricomini-Filho Marcelo Faveri Cortino Sukotjo 《Biofouling》2013,29(10):1175-1184
AbstractThis study aimed to test the dose-response effect of chlorhexidine on multispecies biofilms formed on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Biofilms were formed on cpTi and TiZr discs and treated two times per day with five different chlorhexidine concentrations (0.12, 0.20, 0.50, 1, 2%). The biofilms were collected for microbiological, biochemical and microscopic analyses. The significance of differences among groups was evaluated by linear regression, ANOVA, Bonferroni and Tukey tests. The mean number of colony-forming units decreased as the chlorhexidine concentration increased for both cpTi and TiZr (p?<?0.05). The maximum effect was observed with the 0.5% concentration. Confocal microscopy images suggested an increase in the number of dead bacterial cells with increased chlorhexidine concentration. The biofilm pH increased after chlorhexidine exposure (p?<?0.05). Chlorhexidine showed an antimicrobial dose-response effect in controlling biofilm on cpTi and TiZr. 0.5% chlorhexidine can be used to achieve the maximum antimicrobial effect on both materials. 相似文献
105.
Carolina Loch Warwick Duncan Paulo C. Simões-Lopes Jules A. Kieser R. Ewan Fordyce 《Zoomorphology》2013,132(2):215-225
Longitudinal and cross sections of teeth from 17 species of the Recent dolphins (Delphinoidea and Inioidea) were examined under scanning electron microscope to study the arrangement and ultrastructure of dental tissues with reference to phylogenetic and functional constraints. For most species, enamel had a simple bi-layered structure of radial enamel and an outer layer of prismless enamel. The outer prismless layer varied from 5 to 30 % of enamel thickness. The enamel of Burmeister’s porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) was entirely prismless. The prisms had an open sheath; tubules and tuft-like structures were common at the enamel-dentine junction. Cetacean dentine was characterized by irregularly distributed dentinal tubules in a relatively homogenous dentinal matrix. Radial enamel was observed in all Delphinoidea and in the franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei), whereas the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) had prisms organized in Hunter–Schreger bands. HSB in enamel are regarded as a device for resisting propagation of cracks. These may occur due to increased functional demands, possibly related to the hardness of the species diet. Simplification in tooth shape and reduced biomechanical demands plausibly explain the primitive radial organization among delphinoids and Pontoporia. The HSB structure in the Amazon river dolphin, similar to those of extinct archaeocetes, seems to have secondary functional implications. However, the distribution of HSB in more-basal odontocetes is too poorly known to judge whether the HSB of Inia are a retained plesiomorphic feature or convergence. 相似文献
106.
Lucio Huebra Pimentel Filho Ana Carolina Dias Gomes Bruno Gonçalves Sergio Tufik 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(9):1326-1328
ABSTRACTMyotonic dystrophy (MD) is a neuromuscular disease with myotonia, progressive weakness, and involvement of CNS, heart, and gastrointestinal system. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) is related to sleep breathing diseases, restless leg syndrome, periodic limb movements during sleep and narcoleptic-like phenotype. However, authors highlight a central dysfunction of sleep regulation.We describe a 26-year-old, female, MD1 patient with EDS. Sleep diary/actigraphy evidenced two different circadian periods with values of 1442 and 1522 min. Agomelatine, 50 mg at night, was prescribed with improvement of the circadian rhythm and complaints of sleepiness.The identification of unanticipated causes of EDS, such as circadian rhythm disorders permits an appropriated treatment. As we know, it is the first relate of non-24-h sleep-wake disorder in patient with MD1. Sleep diary and actigraphy could be good options to investigate sleep-wake cycle disorder in patients with MD and EDS. 相似文献
107.
Keller Ricardo Ferreira Sobrinho Ana Carolina Monteiro Santini Carlos Leonardo Sacomani Marques Maicon Gonçalves Gabriel Eduardo de Moura Neto Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza 《Somatosensory & motor research》2013,30(3-4):199-203
AbstractBackground: Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is the prevalent feature in patients with right-sided stroke. It is diagnosed through the behavior inattention test (BIT) and has a negative impact on patients affecting both their functional capacity and quality of life.Objective: Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of USN on the quality of life of patients in the chronic phase of stroke.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with stroke patients with USN. After confirming the presence of stroke through neuroimaging examinations and of USN through the BIT, patients’ quality of life was evaluated by using the EUROQOL scale. Spearman’s correlation was used to validate the correlation between patients’ USN and quality of life, with a p?<?.05 representing significant results.Results: Eighteen individuals were included. When correlating the value of each domain of the EUROQOL scale with the results of the BIT, we observed a negative correlation between mobility (r?=?–0.97; p?=?.000), self-care (r?=?–0.82; p?=?.013), usual activities (r?=?–0.87; p?=?.005); pain or discomfort (r?=?–0.88; p?=?.004), anxiety or depression (r?=?–0.97; p?=?.000), and EUROQOL total score (r?=?–0.97, p?=?.000).Conclusion: After a correlation between the overall EUROQOL and BIT scores, we suggest that the higher the USN degree is in stroke patients, the worse their perceived quality of life tends to be. 相似文献
108.
Gonzalo Roqueiro Fabio Causin Carolina Olle‐Resa Horacio Maroder Sara Maldonado 《Physiologia plantarum》2013,149(2):286-295
In willow seeds, photooxidative damage is mainly restricted to the outer cotyledonary tissues, significantly reducing normal germination. Here we analyzed the damage generated in cotyledonary tissues and investigated whether the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in seedlings from photooxidized seeds can affect the morphogenetic capacity of the shoot apical meristem. Seeds were photooxidized under different light intensities and the evolution of the damage during seedling growth was studied by light and transmission electron microscopies. The level of lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant capacity were measured following the time course of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activities, and the effect of photooxidative stress on the genesis of new leaf primordia and lateral roots was examined. Early and active endocytosis and autophagy, changes in chloroplast morphology, as well as the accumulation and diffusion of ROS all play important roles in the early cell death observed in cotyledonary tissues. Following germination, seedlings from photooxidized seeds anticipated the emergence of first leaves, which complemented the altered functionality of the damaged cotyledons. 相似文献
109.
Claudia A. M. Russo Beatriz Mello Annelise Frazão Carolina M. Voloch 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2013,169(4):765-775
Drosophila is the genus responsible for the birth of experimental genetics, but the taxonomy of drosophilids is difficult because of the overwhelming diversity of the group. In this study, we assembled sequences for 358 species (14 genera, eight subgenera, 57 species groups, and 65 subgroups) to generate a maximum‐likelihood topology and a Bayesian timescale. In addition to sampling an unprecedented diversity of Drosophila lineages, our analyses incorporated a geographical perspective because of the high levels of endemism. In our topology, Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787) (the type species of Drosophila) is tightly clustered with the pinicola subgroup in a North American clade within subgenus Drosophila. The type species of other drosophilid genera fall within the Drosophila radiation, presenting interesting prospects for the phylogenetic taxonomy of the group. Our timescale suggests that a few drosophilid lineages survived the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K‐Pg) extinction. The drosophilid diversification began during the Palaeocene in Eurasia, but peaked during the Miocene, an epoch of drastic climatic changes. The most recent common ancestor of the clades corresponding to subgenera Sophophora and Drosophila lived approximately 56 Mya. Additionally, Hawaiian drosophilids diverged from an East Asian lineage approximately 26 Mya, which is similar to the age of the oldest emerging atoll in the Hawaiian–Emperor Chain. Interestingly, the time estimates for major geographical splits (New World versus Asia and Africa versus Asia) were highly similar for independent lineages. These results suggest that vicariance played a significant role in the radiation of fruit flies. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London 相似文献
110.