全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22425篇 |
免费 | 1495篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 143篇 |
2022年 | 247篇 |
2021年 | 551篇 |
2020年 | 431篇 |
2019年 | 460篇 |
2018年 | 563篇 |
2017年 | 532篇 |
2016年 | 757篇 |
2015年 | 1155篇 |
2014年 | 1220篇 |
2013年 | 1501篇 |
2012年 | 1842篇 |
2011年 | 1713篇 |
2010年 | 1091篇 |
2009年 | 981篇 |
2008年 | 1327篇 |
2007年 | 1248篇 |
2006年 | 1129篇 |
2005年 | 1077篇 |
2004年 | 1021篇 |
2003年 | 890篇 |
2002年 | 853篇 |
2001年 | 210篇 |
2000年 | 186篇 |
1999年 | 202篇 |
1998年 | 220篇 |
1997年 | 182篇 |
1996年 | 142篇 |
1995年 | 137篇 |
1994年 | 129篇 |
1993年 | 106篇 |
1992年 | 96篇 |
1991年 | 106篇 |
1990年 | 116篇 |
1989年 | 75篇 |
1988年 | 75篇 |
1987年 | 69篇 |
1986年 | 60篇 |
1985年 | 102篇 |
1984年 | 105篇 |
1983年 | 57篇 |
1982年 | 60篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 57篇 |
1979年 | 49篇 |
1977年 | 45篇 |
1976年 | 42篇 |
1975年 | 41篇 |
1974年 | 36篇 |
1973年 | 36篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Eduardo Agosin Jean-Jacques Daudin Etienne Odier 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1985,22(2):132-138
Summary 74 Basidiomycetes have been tested for ligninolytic capability on (14C)lignin-labelled wheat straw. Fifteen strains were selected and rested more accurately for ligninolytic activity and the capacity to degrade wheat straw. The asymptote, inflexion point and degradation rate were determined using a model approach. The fungi exhibited very different responses with respect to lignin biodegradation: high asymptote for Pleurotus ostreatus (77%), low inflexion points for Sporotrichum pulverulentum Nov. (6.1 days) and Pycnoporus spp. (2.7 to 4.7 days) with high and slow degradation rates, respectively (0.91% and 0.45% of 14CO2 release/day). Degradation values for (14C)whole-labelled wheat straw exhibited less variation. Finally, the strains Pleurotus ostreatus, Dichomitus squalens and Bjerkandera adusta showed the highest selectivity of lignin removal. 相似文献
92.
The photocycle of the chloride pump halorhodopsin. I: Azide-catalyzed deprotonation of the chromophore is a side reaction of photocycle intermediates inactivating the pump
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The EMBO journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Halorhodopsin, the light-driven chloride pump of halobacteria, undergoes a photochemical cycle in the 10 ms range. Two intermediates, HR640 and HR520, accumulate in the photosteady state after short times (within 100 ms) of illumination. Upon prolonged illumination a third species, HRL410 accumulates, which is formed from HR520/HR640 by deprotonation of the chromophore in a side reaction of the photocycle. In the dark, HRL410 requires several minutes to reconvert thermally to HR478. Thus, molecules in the HRL410 state must be inactive pumps since their maximal turnover number could only be a few per hour. Inorganic bases, such as azide, catalyze the deprotonation of HR520/HR640 as well as the reprotonation of HRL410. Both reactions are accelerated several hundred times by azide but the photosteady-state concentration of HRL410 remains unchanged. 相似文献
93.
An unusual Rhodotorula isolated from decayed wood of Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Blume is described and illustrated. This species differs from all accepted Rhodotorula species (1–7, 10) to warrant its establishment as a new species, Rhodotorula nothofagi sp. nov.Postgraduate student from the Instituto de Ecología y de Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. 相似文献
94.
Jorge N. Larocca Carmen Sato Liliana N. Berti Mattera Juana M. Pasquini Eduardo F. Soto 《Neurochemical research》1985,10(1):89-98
Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and of [35S]sulfate into sulfatides of oligodendroglial cells isolated from brain slices incubated with the radioactive precursor was studied in normal and malnourished rats at different ages. The pattern and the values of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA were similar in both groups of animals. The maximum value of incorporation was observed at 7 days of age decreasing rapidly thereafter and leveling off between 18–21 days. In both groups of animals labeling of sulfatides attained a maximum at 18 days of age, showing similar values of incorporation up to that age. However, at 21 days of age; the values corresponding to malnourished rats were found to be 40% lower in comparison to controls. The results suggest that (a) proliferation of oligodendroglial cells stops at similar ages in normal and malnourished rats, (b) expression of sulfatide synthesis by oligodendroglial cells is similar in both groups of animals up to 18 days, and (c) the starved rats seem to be unable to maintain normal synthesis of these galactolipids throughout the entire period of active myelinogenesis. 相似文献
95.
Carmen Sato Jorge N. Larocca Norma Bálsamo Juana M. Pasquini Eduardo F. Soto 《Neurochemical research》1985,10(2):179-189
Brain slices from 18 day old normal and malnourished rats were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulfate to explore its incorporation into sulfatides of a total brain homogenate and the appearance of labeled sulfatides in different subcellular fractions. While the incorporation of label into sulfatides of the total homogenate was similar in both groups of animals, in subcellular fractions separated on a linear sucrose density gradient, labeling of sulfatides in malnourished animals was relatively higher in the region corresponding to the microsomal fraction. Time course incorporation and pulse-chase experiments were carried out to explore the kinetics of labeling of microsomal and myelin sulfatides. In pulse-chase experiments, normal controls showed a decrease in the specific radioactivity of sulfatides in the microsomal fraction after the chase, which was not observed in malnourished animals, while the appearance of labeled sulfatides in the myelin fraction of the latter group of animals was found to be lower than in normals. These results suggest that in neonatal malnutrition there is a defect in the transport of de novo synthesized sulfatides towards myelin or/and a problem in the assembly of these lipids into the myelin membrane. 相似文献
96.
Photobiont cells of the lichen Evernia prunastri have completely been separated from their fungal partner by filtration through a bed of Sepharose 2B. Both mannitol and ribitol have been quantified by gas-liquid chromatography in the different steps of the isolation procedure. Absence of mannitol, which is exclusively produced by the mycobiont, has been used as the best probe to monitor isolation. 相似文献
97.
Dr. Gerard J. McGarrity Lindsay Gamon Theodor Steiner Joseph Tully Hitoshi Kotani 《Current microbiology》1985,12(2):107-112
Uridine phosphorylase activity has been used to detect mycoplasmas in cell cultures by measuring formation of14C-uracil from14C-uridine. In this report we show that all species ofMycoplasma, Acholeplasma, andUreaplasma tested exhibited uridine phorphorylase activity. Among the genusSpiroplasma, serogroups I-1, I-3, I-5, I-7, I-8, IV, XIII, and XIV lacked uridine phosphorylase activity.Present address: Ciba-Geigy, Basel, Switzerland. 相似文献
98.
When the spermatozoon of M glacialis contacts the mature oocyte jelly it adheres to it. Following this, there is a slight tumefaction of the acrosome, which is followed by the disruption of the apical acrosomal vesicle and cytoplasmic membranes. Acrosomal vesicle contents are liberated and spread along the outer surface of the oocyte jelly. Meanwhile, the acrosomal process begins to extend, penetrates all the jelly extension, then the vitelline layer, and finally contacts the cytoplasmic egg membrane. Nevertheless, the sperm cell continues lying at the outer border of the jelly. From the beginning of the acrosome reaction the dense and finely fibrillar subacrosomal material is connected, by some expansions, to the basal acrosomal vesicle membrane. Both nuclear and mitochondrial diameters have diminished. 相似文献
99.
Conformational alterations occurring in bovine alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) resulting from proteolysis and nucleophilic modification have been monitored by UV difference spectra, circular dichroism, and changes in the fluorescence of 6-(p-toluidino)-2-naphthalenesulfonate (TNS) and bis(8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate) (Bis-ANS). The results of this study indicate that these two dyes appear capable of differentiating between conformational changes induced by proteolysis and those induced by methylamine treatment. It appears that TNS is a sensitive probe for monitoring protease-induced but not methylamine-induced conformational changes in bovine alpha 2M. Bis-ANS, on the other hand, appears suitable for monitoring conformational changes induced by methylamine treatment or proteolysis of the molecule and was used as a probe to monitor the kinetics of the conformational change induced by methylamine treatment. It was found that the conformational change did not occur simultaneously with cleavage of the thiol ester bonds by the nucleophile, measured by titration of free sulfhydryl groups with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). The data are consistent with a model in which initial nucleophilic attack results in exposure of sulfhydryl groups, resulting in a conformational change measured by an increase in fluorescence. This event is followed by a unimolecular step representing a conformational change in the protein that results in a further increase in the fluorescence signal. The second-order rate constant for hydrolysis of the thiol ester bonds was determined to be 3.4 +/- 1.0 M-1 s-1, while the rate constant for the conformational change was (4.4 +/- 0.8) X 10(-4) s-1. 相似文献
100.
Lack of effect of somatostatin on the stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by epinephrine in isolated canine hepatocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R W Stevenson K E Steiner D R Green A D Cherrington 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1984,804(4):414-418
The effects of somatostatin on epinephrine's ability to stimulate glucose output have been examined in hepatocytes isolated from dogs fasted overnight. Half-maximal stimulation of phosphorylase a activity and glucose output occurred at an epinephrine concentration of approx. 5 X 10(-9) M. Somatostatin at 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml had no effect on the ability of a maximal (1 X 10(-7) M) and a submaximal (1 X 10(-8) M) dose of epinephrine to activate phosphorylase at 2 min, or to stimulate glucose output over 20 min. Since the doses of somatostatin used in the present study are up to 50-fold higher than the blood concentrations commonly found when somatostatin is used in vivo to inhibit pancreatic hormone secretion, it seems unlikely that use of somatostatin in this way would affect stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by epinephrine in vivo. 相似文献