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101.
102.
We formulate and analyze pair-formation models for multiple groups with general pairing rates and arbitrary mixing probabilities. Under the assumption of constant recruitment rates and equal average duration of all types of partnerships, we have shown that the dynamics are relatively simple because of the monotonicity properties of the dynamical system associated with the pairing/mixing of heterogeneous populations of male and female individuals. In fact, we have shown that the corresponding asymptotic stable paired distribution is given precisely by the asymptotic values of the matrices that prescribe the mixing/contact structure. In other words, if the sizes of the mixing subpopulations of males and females are asymptotically constant and if the average durations of partnerships are about the same regardless of type, then the matrices that describe the mixing between subpopulations also characterize the distribution of paired types. Alternatively, if the distribution of the average duration of relationships between individuals has a large variance then it may be impossible to detect any relationship between the mixing/contact structure and the observed distribution of paired types. The study of models with constant per-capita recruitment rates give rise to homogeneous systems of degree one. The analysis of the dynamics of pairs for models with exponentially growing populations of singles is complicated. So far, we are only able to classify the stability of all non-strictly positive boundary exponential solutions. From our incomplete analysis, it is not possible to detect necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of strictly interior exponential solutions. We cannot rule out the possibility of oscillations. The mathematical problems associated with the stability of exponential solutions of dynamical systems of degree one are of relevance in demography, epidemiology, and population dynamics.On leave from University of Alabama in Huntsville 相似文献
103.
Ammonium concentrations were determined in near-bottom water and intertidal surface sediments collected in February and July 1993 at five stations of Ria Formosa, a shallow meso-tidal coastal lagoon in southern Portugal. At each station, samples were taken a few minutes before tidal inundation, and subsequently 2, 10, 15 and 20 minutes thereafter. Ammonium concentration in near-bottom waters increased dramatically in the first 2 minutes followed by a decrease during the 18 minutes of flooding (maximum range 10.3-2.2 M). The highest levels in the flooding water were concomitant with a decrease of extractable ammonium recorded in the upper sediment layer (2 cm). Laboratory experiments indicated that ammonium is easily extracted from the sediment solids by physical perturbation, as one would expect when tidal water flushes over the intertidal area. This perturbation results in the export of ammonium from the sediment, by pulse mechanisms of short time intervals. On a daily scale this amount is two orders of magnitude higher than transport resulting from molecular diffusion. 相似文献
104.
Santos Carlos Chandler Karen Zimmer Stephen Fisher Paul B. Gunthert Ursula Anderson Kimberly Ward 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1995,26(1):1-19
A parallel-plate flow chamber was used to quantify the detachment of normal cloned rat embryo fibroblasts (CREF) fibroblasts,ras-transformed CREF fibroblasts (CREF T24), and CREF T24 fibroblasts transfected with a Krev/RAP1A suppressor gene (HK B1) from
a confluent monolayer of normal CREF fibroblasts to determine if the expression patterns of CD44 variants (mol wt 110 and
140 kDa) corresponded with detachment properties and metastatic potential. In the detachment assay, known shear stresses ranging
from 20–24 dyn/cm2 were applied to the adherent cells and the number of cells detached from the monolayer after 180 s was determined. Results
showed that cellular expression of CD44 variants correlated with the metastatic potential of the cells and with the cells’
ability to detach from a monolayer of normal cells. Western blot analysis showed a low level of expression of the CD44 variants
in the normal cell line, CREF, and the lowly metastatic cell line, HK B1. Detachment studies showed a low percentage of detachment
of both of these cell lines from a normal cell monolayer. Tumor-derived (HK B1-T) and lung nodule-derived (HK B1-M) cell lines
were established and both formed tumors and metastasis with reduced latency periods as compared to HK B1, but still showed
a markedly delayed latency period compared to the highly metastatic cell line, CREF T24. Both of these cell lines showed a
higher expression of the CD44 variants as compared to CREF and HK B1, and detached easier than CREF and HK B1. CREF T24 showed
a much higher level of expression of the variants and had a higher percentage detachment than all other cell lines. To further
test the role of the CD44 variants in the ability of the cells to detach from the normal monolayer, CREF cells were transfected
with a DNA construct that constitutively expresses the CD44 variants and the detachment properties of three randomly selected
clones were studied. Clones 2 and 3 showed a low level of expression of the CD44 variants after transfection and detached
from the normal monolayer similar to CREF. Clone 1 showed a high level of expression of the CD44 variants and the detachment
of these cells was significantly higher than CREF. From these results, it is concluded that in the five cell lines studied,
expression of the CD44 variants play a significant role in the ability of the cells to detach from a monolayer of normal cells.
It is hypothesized that this detachment may be an important component of a cell’s ability to metastasize. 相似文献
105.
Paula A. Belinky Segula Masaphy Dan Levanon Yitzhak Hadar Carlos G. Dosoretz 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1994,40(5):629-633
The effect of nitrogen and fatty-acid-rich substrates on the production of 1-octen-3-ol by the edible fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius, during growth in both shaken flask and fermentor cultures, and in-vitro, in post-harvested mycelium, was studied. Addition of soybean flour and soybean oil to the growth medium enhanced 1-octen-3-ol production about sevenfold and doubled the fungal biomass, as compared to that obtained from P. pulmonarius cultured on a defined synthetic medium. A clear relationship between the production of 1-octen-3-ol and lipoxygenase activity was found during the growth of mushroom pellets. The highest in-vitro generation of 1-octen-3-ol was obtained upon addition of exogenous linoleic acid and pure O2 to pellets grown with soybean fluor and soybean oil. This generation was even higher than that of fruiting bodies exposed to the same conditions. These results suggest that lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, 1-octen-3-ol biosynthesis in P. pulmonarius are enhanced by the presence of substrates containing fatty acids in the growth medium.
Correspondence to: D. Levanon 相似文献
106.
Contamination studies by ochratoxin A on pork kidney and chicken liver has been carried out in Catalonia (Spain). 73% of the pork kidney samples analyzed did not contain an amount of ochratoxin A over our detection limit (0.5 ng/g) whereas only 7% had contamination higher than 1 ng/g. None of the chicken samples analyzed were contaminated by this toxin above the detection limit. All contamination levels found are below the maximum levels accepted by several countries for this kind of material. A confirmative test is necessary before discarding false positive samples. 相似文献
107.
An Immunological Assay for Detection and Enumeration of Thermophilic Biomining Microorganisms 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Ana M. Amaro Kevin B. Hallberg E. Brje Lindstrm Carlos A. Jerez 《Applied microbiology》1994,60(9):3470-3473
A specific, fast, and sensitive nonradioactive immunobinding assay for the detection and enumeration of the moderate thermophile Thiobacillus caldus and the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was developed. It employs enhanced chemiluminescence or peroxidase-conjugated immunoglobulins in a dot or slot blotting system and is very convenient for monitoring thermophilic bioleaching microorganisms in effluents from industrial bioleaching processes. 相似文献
108.
Exponential cells of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tps1 mutant underwent a rapid loss of viability upon a non-lethal heat exposure (from 28 to 42°C). However, a further more severe heat stress (52.5°C 5 min) induced an increase in the fraction of viable cells. This mutant can not synthesize trehalose either at 28° C or at 42°C due to the lack of a functional trehalose-6P synthase complex. In control experiments carried out with the wild-type W303-1 B, heat-stressed exponential phase cultures grown on YPgal at 28°C acquired thermotolerance to a higher extent than identical cultures grown on YPD, although in both cultures the level of stored trehalose was negligible. These data suggest that the bulk of trehalose accumulated in yeast upon mild heat treaments is not sufficient to account for the acquisition of thermotolerance. 相似文献
109.
Labidocera aestiva and L. scotti were found in the Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico. Fleminger (1957) found that the populations of these species may overlap geographically, although L. aestiva has affinity to the Carolinian province and L. scotti to the Caribbean province. This study describes the seasonal behavior and succession of this species in the Tamiahua Lagoon, a brackish water system with a high marine influence. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples was made in March, July, and September 1985 and January 1986. L. aestiva was found in temperatures below 26 °C in a wide salinity range. At temperatures above 26 °C and up to 32 °C, L. aestiva was present also with euryhaline character. In the Tamiahua Lagoon these two species did not overlap during this study. Both species are considered temporary inhabitants of this estuarine system in the Western Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
110.
Carlos H. Prosperi 《Journal of phycology》1994,30(2):222-224
Nostoc cordubensis Prosperi (Cyanophyta, Nostocaceae) is characterized by its mucilaginous colonies. Much of this mucilage is produced by heterocysts. By controlling growth conditions, heterocysts with and without mucilage were obtained. Mucilaginous heterocysts retained nitrogen-fixing capability at high oxygen concentrations, whereas heterocysts lacking mucilage were unable to fix nitrogen at oxygen concentrations higher than 20%. Comparison of results obtained using tetrazolium salts as indicators of highly reduced zones showed similar results. 相似文献