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排序方式: 共有4021条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
911.
912.
Irene Bartolozzi Tiberio Daddi Carlo Punta Andrea Fiorati Fabio Iraldo 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2020,24(1):101-115
The use of nanostructured materials has been recently proposed in the field of environmental nanoremediation. This approach consists in using nanomaterials not directly, but as building blocks for the design of nano‐porous micro‐dimensional systems, overcoming the eco‐ and health‐toxicology risks generally associated with the use of nano‐sized technologies. Herein we report the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) as an eco‐design tool for optimizing the production of cellulose nanosponges (CNS), nanostructured materials recently developed for water remediation purposes. LCA was applied from the acquisition of raw materials to the synthesis of CNS (from cradle‐to‐gate), considering three production systems, from the lab‐level to a modeled scale‐up system. The lab‐scale LCA identified the main environmental hotspots, namely the energy‐consuming steps and the final purification of the material (washing step). In a second lab‐scale production, an improvement action could be implemented, switching the washing solvent from methanol to water and decreasing the washing temperature. A second LCA showed a reduced contribution to the impacts from the materials, while the global impacts remained within the same order of magnitude. A simulated scale‐up of the process allowed to optimize the energy‐consuming steps and the water consumption, through internal recycling. A third LCA assessed the resulting benefits and a decrease in the global impacts by two orders of magnitude. Our study contributes to the discussion of LCA community, providing a focus on the importance of scaling‐up of emerging technologies, namely nanostructured porous materials, highlighting the benefits of a LCA based approach since the very beginning of product design (eco‐design). 相似文献
913.
Leandro Royer Monika Sztretye Carlo Manno Sandrine Pouvreau Jingsong Zhou Bjorn C. Knollmann Feliciano Protasi Paul D. Allen Eduardo Ríos 《The Journal of general physiology》2010,136(3):325-338
Contractile activation in striated muscles requires a Ca2+ reservoir of large capacity inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), presumably the protein calsequestrin. The buffering power of calsequestrin in vitro has a paradoxical dependence on [Ca2+] that should be valuable for function. Here, we demonstrate that this dependence is present in living cells. Ca2+ signals elicited by membrane depolarization under voltage clamp were compared in single skeletal fibers of wild-type (WT) and double (d) Casq-null mice, which lack both calsequestrin isoforms. In nulls, Ca2+ release started normally, but the store depleted much more rapidly than in the WT. This deficit was reflected in the evolution of SR evacuability, E, which is directly proportional to SR Ca2+ permeability and inversely to its Ca2+ buffering power, B. In WT mice E starts low and increases progressively as the SR is depleted. In dCasq-nulls, E started high and decreased upon Ca2+ depletion. An elevated E in nulls is consistent with the decrease in B expected upon deletion of calsequestrin. The different value and time course of E in cells without calsequestrin indicate that the normal evolution of E reflects loss of B upon SR Ca2+ depletion. Decrement of B upon SR depletion was supported further. When SR calcium was reduced by exposure to low extracellular [Ca2+], release kinetics in the WT became similar to that in the dCasq-null. E became much higher, similar to that of null cells. These results indicate that calsequestrin not only stores Ca2+, but also varies its affinity in ways that progressively increase the ability of the store to deliver Ca2+ as it becomes depleted, a novel feedback mechanism of potentially valuable functional implications. The study revealed a surprisingly modest loss of Ca2+ storage capacity in null cells, which may reflect concurrent changes, rather than detract from the physiological importance of calsequestrin. 相似文献
914.
915.
A number of strains of Saccharomyces which produce sulphite by sulphate reduction were examined from an enzymatic and genetic point of view.There are a number of mechanisms that regulate this activity. All of these mechanisms involve the sulphite-reducing activity. In the strains examined, reduced function as a result of mutation in the Sr-locus (affecting H2S-NADP oxidoreductase EC 1.8.1.2), repression of biosynthesis of the enzyme because of a mutation below the specific locus, and inhibition of the enzyme by endogenous factors were found to be responsible. The production of sulphite can also be connected with a complex state of heterozygosity.It is probably this multiplicity of biochemical and genetic mechanisms that accounts for the frequency with which the production of sulphite is observed in wild strains in nature.This investigation was supported by a research grant of C.N.R. (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma). 相似文献
916.
917.
De Luca Stefania Bruno Giovanni Fattorusso Roberto Isernia Carla Pedone Carlo Morelli Giancarlo 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》1998,5(4):269-276
Summary New metal-tetraphenylporphyrins and Fmoc-lysine-metalloporphyrin derivatives have been used to prepare peptide-porphyrin and
peptide-metalloporphyrin compounds via solid-phase peptide synthesis. A water-soluble peptide, covalently bound to a manganese(III)-porphyrin,
has been used as a catalyst to promote the oxidation of ABTS by hydrogen peroxide ort-butylhydroperoxide. 相似文献
918.
Carlo Rodolfo Largiadr Christian Peter Klingenberg Manfred Zimmermann 《Journal of evolutionary biology》1994,7(6):697-712
Two morphologically distinct subspecies of Gerris costae form a contact zone extending from the Maritime to the Western Alps. Within this area canonical trend surface analysis revealed a geographic pattern of morphometric variation consistent with topography. From North to South, and from high to low elevation there was a transition from G. c. costae-like phenotypes to phenotypes resembling pure G. c. fieberi. The same pattern was confirmed with canonical variate analysis not taking geographic location into account; it is therefore not an artifact of trend surface analysis. Comparisons of the pattern of morphometric variation of laboratory-reared offspring with the pattern of their parents sampled from natural populations show that geographic variation is mostly determined genetically. Intermediate individuals from field populations probably are natural hybrids between the two subspecies, because laboratory-reared hybrids were intermediate between the offspring of pure strains. We did not find increased morphometric variation within the contact zone. This suggests unimpeded introgression and is in contrast with an increase in size variability that is predicted to be associated with a transition between uni- and bivoltine forms. 相似文献
919.
Carlo Moscovici M.Giovannella Moscovici Humberto Jimenez Michael M.C. Lai Michael J. Hayman Peter K. Vogt 《Cell》1977,11(1):95-103
Several continuous tissue culture cell lines were established from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas of Japanese quail. The lines consist either of fibroblastic elements, round refractile cells or polygonal cells. They show transformed characteristics in agar colony formation and hexose uptake, and most are tumorigenic. Their cloning efficiency in plastic dishes is not increased over that of normal quail embryo fibroblasts. The quail tumor cell lines do not produce endogenous avian oncoviruses and fail to complement the Bryan high titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus; those tested lack the p27 protein of avian oncoviruses. Most of the cell lines are susceptible to subgroup A avian sarcoma viruses, but are relatively resistant to viruses of subgroups C, E and F as compared to normal quail embryo fibroblasts. 相似文献
920.
Marke E. Swanson Thomas E. Hughes Irene St Denny Dennis S. France James R. Paterniti Jr Carlo Tapparelli Patrick Gfeller Kurt Bürki 《Transgenic research》1992,1(3):142-147
To examine the consequences of increased apolipoprotein A-I production on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, we have
produced two lines of transgenic rats; one expressing moderate and one very high levels of human apolipoprotein A-I. The rats
were produced by microinjection of a 13 kbp DNA fragment containing the human apolipoprotein A-I gene plus 10 kbp of its 5′
flanking sequence and 1 kbp of its 3′ flanking sequence. Both lines of transgenic rats express human apolipoprotein A-I mRNA
in liver and human apolipoprotein A-I in plasma. Sera from these rats contain significantly higher levels of total apolipoprotein
A-I, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid than sera from non-transgenic littermates. Transgenic rats expressing
high levels of human apolipoprotein A-I have reduced levels of serum rat apolipoprotein A-I suggesting a mechanism exists
to down-regulate apolipoprotein A-I production. These transgenic rats provide a unique animal model to examine the effects
of increased apolipoprotein A-I production on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. 相似文献