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61.
Dormancy is an ecological strategy by which organisms avoid stressful environments, but it also can have genetic consequences. Many facultative parthenogens shift from asexual to sexual reproduction to enter dormancy. Hence, conditions that favour dormancy are predicted to select for more sex, which should increase clonal diversity. We examined lake populations of Daphnia that face different ecological risks to remaining active year‐round, and quantified the extent to which they have differentiated in their investment in dormancy and sex. There was substantial genetic variation among populations and clones for sex induction and production of dormant eggs, and striking evidence of gender specialization. We also observed a positive association between the magnitudes of population‐level investment in dormancy and of variance among clones in sex induction. These results document an ecological gradient in dormancy that is manifest as a genetic gradient in clonal variation for the propensity to engage in sex. 相似文献
62.
Terry CJ Popplewell JF Swann MJ Freeman NJ Fernig DG 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2006,22(5):627-632
Dual polarisation interferometry (DPI) has been used to characterise the formation of hybrid bilayer membranes (HBM) on a silicon-oxynitride surface. This technique allows the simultaneous determination of multiple physical properties of an HBM, as the HBM is being formed in a single experiment: mass, thickness in the z-direction (normal to the surface), tilt angle of the first layer and refractive index. Decanoic acid was covalently attached to an amine modified silicon-oxynitride sensor chip surface via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride condensation reaction. The decanoic acid layer was 0.92+/-0.12 nm thick, indicating a tilt angle of 57 degrees from surface normal, and possessed a mass of 1.05+/-0.10 ng mm(-2) and a refractive index (RI) of 1.450+/-0.020. Phospholipid vesicles made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) were injected over the fatty acid surface to form an HBM. The DPPC HBM was 4.32+/-0.68 nm thick, with a total mass of 3.18+/-0.60 ng mm(-2) and a RI of 1.404+/-0.007. The DMPC HBM was 2.12+/-0.34 nm thick, with a total mass of 2.25+/-0.51 ng mm(-2), and a RI of 1.435+/-0.007. DPI thus provides an insight into HBM formation and differences between the structural organisation of HBMs of different composition. 相似文献
63.
Carla B. Andreucci José G. Cecatti Rodolfo C. Pacagnella Carla Silveira Mary A. Parpinelli Elton C. Ferreira Carina R. Angelini Juliana P. Santos Dulce M. Zanardi Jamile C. Bussadori Gustavo N. Cecchino Renato T. Souza Maria H. Sousa Maria L. Costa 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Objective
to assess Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores and delay to resume sexual activity associated with a previous severe maternal morbidity.Method
This was a multidimensional retrospective cohort study. Women who gave birth at a Brazilian tertiary maternity between 2008 and 2012 were included, with data extraction from the hospital information system. Those with potentially life-threatening conditions and maternal near miss episodes (severe maternal morbidity) were considered the exposed group. The control group was a random sample of women who had had uncomplicated pregnancy. Female sexual function was evaluated through FSFI questionnaire, and general and reproductive aspects were addressed through specific questions. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Pearson´s Chi-square for bivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with lower FSFI scores.Results
638 women were included (315 at exposed and 323 at not exposed groups). The majority of women were under 30 years-old in the control group and between 30 and 46 years-old in the exposed group (p = 0.003). Women who experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM) had statistically significant differences regarding cesarean section (82.4% versus 47.1% among deliveries without complications, p<0.001), and some previous pathological conditions. FSFI mean scores were similar among groups ranging from 24.39 to 24.42. It took longer for exposed women to resume sexual activity after index pregnancy (mean 84 days after SMM and 65 days for control group, p = 0.01). Multiple analyses showed no significant association of FSFI below cut-off value with any predictor.Conclusion
FSFI scores were not different in both groups. However, they were lower than expected. SMM delayed resumption of sexual activity after delivery, beyond postpartum period. However, the proportion of women in both groups having sex at 3 months after delivery was similar. Altered sexual response may be evaluated as one of possible long-term consequences after SMM episodes. Further studies on the growing population of women surviving severe maternal conditions might be worth for improvement of care for women. 相似文献64.
Broccolini A Gidaro T De Cristofaro R Morosetti R Gliubizzi C Ricci E Tonali PA Mirabella M 《Journal of neurochemistry》2008,105(3):971-981
Autosomal recessive hereditary inclusion-body myopathy (h-IBM) is caused by mutations of the UDP- N -acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/ N -acetylmannosamine kinase gene, a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid metabolic pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated an abnormal sialylation of glycoproteins in h-IBM. h-IBM muscle shows the abnormal accumulation of proteins including amyloid-β (Aβ). Neprilysin (NEP), a metallopeptidase that cleaves Aβ, is characterized by the presence of several N-glycosylation sites, and changes in these sugar moieties affect its stability and enzymatic activity. In the present study, we found that NEP is hyposialylated and its expression and enzymatic activity reduced in all h-IBM muscles analyzed. In vitro , the experimental removal of sialic acid by Vibrio Cholerae neuraminidase in cultured myotubes resulted in reduced expression of NEP. This was most likely because of a post-translational modification consisting in an abnormal sialylation of the protein that leads to its reduced stability. Moreover, treatment with Vibrio Cholerae neuraminidase was associated with an increased immunoreactivity for Aβ mainly in the form of distinct cytoplasmic foci within myotubes. We hypothesize that, in h-IBM muscle, hyposialylated NEP has a role in hampering the cellular Aβ clearing system, thus contributing to its abnormal accumulation within vulnerable fibers and possibly promoting muscle degeneration. 相似文献
65.
66.
Mattson DL Meister CJ 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2005,289(4):R991-R997
Experiments in wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) mice, endothelial nitric oxide synthase null mutant [eNOS(-/-)] mice, and neuronal NOS null mutant [nNOS(-/-)] mice were performed to determine which NOS isoform regulates renal cortical and medullary blood flow under basal conditions and during the infusion of ANG II. Inhibition of NOS with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 50 mg/kg iv) in Inactin-anesthetized WT and nNOS(-/-) mice increased arterial blood pressure by 28-31 mmHg and significantly decreased blood flow in the renal cortex (18-24%) and the renal medulla (13-18%). In contrast, blood pressure and renal cortical and medullary blood flow were unaltered after l-NAME administration to eNOS(-/-) mice, indicating that NO derived from eNOS regulates baseline vascular resistance in mice. In subsequent experiments, intravenous ANG II (20 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) significantly decreased renal cortical blood flow (by 15-25%) in WT, eNOS(-/-), nNOS(-/-), and WT mice treated with l-NAME. The infusion of ANG II, however, led to a significant increase in medullary blood flow (12-15%) in WT and eNOS(-/-) mice. The increase in medullary blood flow following ANG II infusion was not observed in nNOS(-/-) mice, in WT or eNOS(-/-) mice pretreated with l-NAME, or in WT mice administered the nNOS inhibitor 5-(1-imino-3-butenyl)-l-ornithine (1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). These data demonstrate that NO from eNOS regulates baseline blood flow in the mouse renal cortex and medulla, while NO produced by nNOS mediates an increase in medullary blood flow in response to ANG II. 相似文献
67.
Marcelo De Franco Patrícia dos Santos Carneiro Luciana Carla Peters Francisca Vorraro Andrea Borrego Orlando Garcia Ribeiro Nancy Starobinas Wafa Koury Cabrera Olga Martinez Ibañez 《Mammalian genome》2007,18(4):263-269
Lines of mice were obtained by selective breeding for maximum (AIRmax) or minimum (AIRmin) acute inflammation. They present
distinct neutrophil influx and show frequency disequilibrium of the solute carrier family 11a member 1
(Slc11a1) alleles. This gene is involved in ion transport at the endosomes within macrophages and neutrophils, interfering in their
activation. Homozygous AIRmax and AIRmin sublines for the Slc11a1 gene were produced to examine the interaction of this gene with the acute inflammatory loci. The present work investigated
wound-healing traits in AIRmax and AIRmin mice, in F1 and F2 intercrosses, and in Slc11a1 sublines. Two-millimeter ear punches were made in the mice and hole closure was measured during 40 days. AIRmax mice demonstrated
significant tissue repair while AIRmin mice did not. Significant differences between the responses of male and female mice
were also observed. Wound-healing traits demonstrated a correlation with neutrophil influx in F2 populations. AIRmax
SS
showed higher ear-wound closure than AIRmax
RR
mice, suggesting that the Slc11a1
S allele favored ear tissue repair. QTL analysis has detected two inflammatory loci modulating ear wound healing on chromosomes
1 and 14. These results suggest the involvement of the acute inflammation modifier QTL in the wound-healing phenotype. 相似文献
68.
69.
Messikomer CM 《Perspectives in biology and medicine》2007,50(3):435-443
With the rise in managed care and the changes in the organization and delivery of health care, the medical literature is rife with expressions of doctors' discontent. Less is known about how these changes have affected patients in the course of everyday interactions with their doctors. As an efficiency measure, many physician practices rely on voice mail to screen and direct calls to the appropriate party. This simple, low-tech alteration in communication between patient and doctor has the potential to interfere with the development and maintenance of a constructive doctor-patient relationship. This paper describes the author's experience communicating with her physicians. It focuses on making an appointment via voice mail and offers a perspective on how the process of appointment making through an electronic third party can have a negative impact on the doctor-patient relationship. 相似文献
70.
Granich R Kahn JG Bennett R Holmes CB Garg N Serenata C Sabin ML Makhlouf-Obermeyer C De Filippo Mack C Williams P Jones L Smyth C Kutch KA Ying-Ru L Vitoria M Souteyrand Y Crowley S Korenromp EL Williams BG 《PloS one》2012,7(2):e30216