2021年2月深圳市六株境外输入的SARS-CoV-2基因组特征分析

为了解深圳境外输入的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的遗传特征,本研究对2021年2月六株境外输入的SARS-CoV-2毒株进行了高通量测序与基因组序列分析.测序获得的六株SARS-CoV-2毒株基因组长度分别为29 450 nt、28 936 nt﹑28 875 nt、29 855 nt、29 146 nt 和29 528 nt.根据"Pango lineages"分型法,三个来自肯尼亚、南非和柬埔寨的毒株属于B.1.1.7系(VOC-202012/01),一个来自美国的毒株属于B.1.2系(美国谱系),两个来自南非和肯尼亚的毒株属于B.1.351系(20H/501Y.V2).与武汉毒株Wuhan-Hu-1(NC_045512.2)比较,B.1.1.7系毒株的刺突蛋白(S)中发现了多达10个氨基酸的变异,B.1.2系毒株的S蛋白仅发现一个氨基酸的变异,B.1.351系毒株的S蛋白中发现了多达11个氨基酸的变异.来自柬埔寨的一株B.1.1.7系毒株的S蛋白中发现了三个变异(H69S,V70I与Y144V)与另外两个B.1.1.7系毒株中的变异(H69del,V70del与Y144del)不同.六个毒株在ORF1b上都表现出了 P314L的变异,在S蛋白上都表现出了 D614G的变异.2021年2月深圳输入了传染性更强的B.1.1.7英国变异株和B.1.351南非变异株.境外输入的SARS-CoV-2变异株存在引起本地暴发与流行的风险,需持续对境外输入的SARS-CoV-2毒株进行分子监测.     

Short-term hyperglycemia increases endothelial glycocalyx permeability and acutely decreases lineal density of capillaries with flowing red blood cells.

Hyperglycemia is becoming recognized as an important risk factor for microvascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that short-term hyperglycemia, either on the scale of hours or weeks, alters the barrier function and the volume of the endothelial glycocalyx and decreases functional capillary density and deformability of the red blood cells (RBCs). All experiments were performed in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, C57BL/6 mice that were either normoglycemic, acutely hyperglycemic (25 mM) for 60 min due to infusion of glucose, or hyperglycemic (25 mM) for 2-4 wk (db/db mice). The glycocalyx was probed using 40-kDa Texas red dextran, which is known to permeate the glycocalyx, and 70-kDa FITC dextran, which has impaired access to the glycocalyx in healthy animals. Clearance of the dye from the blood was measured. An orthogonal polarization spectral imaging technique was used to visualize the number of capillaries with flowing RBCs of the dorsal flexor muscle. The data indicate that short-term hyperglycemia causes a rapid decrease of the ability of the glycocalyx to exclude 70-kDa dextran. No change in the vascular permeation of 40-kDa dextran was observed. Glycocalyx volume was not affected by short-term hyperglycemia. In addition, 1 h of hyperglycemia resulted in a 38% decrease of the lineal density of capillaries with flowing RBCs. This decreased lineal density was not observed in the 2- to 4-wk hyperglycemia model. Short-term hyperglycemia was without any effect on the deformablity of the RBCs. The data indicate that the described increased vascular permeability with hyperglycemia can be ascribed to an increased permeability of the glycocalyx, identifying the glycocalyx as a potential early target of hyperglycemia.     

An optimized kit-free method for making strand-specific deep sequencing libraries from RNA fragments

Deep sequencing of strand-specific cDNA libraries is now a ubiquitous tool for identifying and quantifying RNAs in diverse sample types. The accuracy of conclusions drawn from these analyses depends on precise and quantitative conversion of the RNA sample into a DNA library suitable for sequencing. Here, we describe an optimized method of preparing strand-specific RNA deep sequencing libraries from small RNAs and variably sized RNA fragments obtained from ribonucleoprotein particle footprinting experiments or fragmentation of long RNAs. Our approach works across a wide range of input amounts (400 pg to 200 ng), is easy to follow and produces a library in 2–3 days at relatively low reagent cost, all while giving the user complete control over every step. Because all enzymatic reactions were optimized and driven to apparent completion, sequence diversity and species abundance in the input sample are well preserved.     

宇宙射线中子法在农田土壤水分监测中的适用性

近年来,宇宙射线中子法(CRNS法)逐渐被应用到农田生态条件下的土壤水分监测领域,但其在田间应用时的空间代表性和测定精度还需进一步研究。本研究在华北平原冬小麦农田开展宇宙射线中子法应用效果的评价研究,采用超快速中子适应性(URANOS)模型计算CRNS法的空间权重,对CRNS法获得的土壤含水量与实测土壤含水量进行对比,以准确估算监测空间内的蓄水量。结果表明: 通过URANOS直接模拟得到的权重分布更符合理论值,测定半径在127~139 m。CRNS法估算的土壤含水量与实测土壤含水量的决定系数达到0.64,均方根误差达到0.05 cm³·cm^-3。CRNS法所得土壤含水量对探测区域内总体水分的变化响应灵敏,测定准确度有季节性变化规律。宇宙射线中子法是一种可用于冬小麦农田的连续、可靠的区域总体水分监测方法。     

粪肠球菌MG 2108对小鼠结肠炎症的缓解作用及机制研究

【目的】为了筛选能抑制鼠类柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter rodentium)诱发的小鼠结肠炎的益生菌,并研究其干预机制。【方法】对4株筛选的菌株进行人工模拟胃肠液耐受试验,并体外测试它们对鼠类柠檬酸杆菌的抑制能力,最终筛选出粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)MG 2108。72只雄性7周龄ICR小鼠经过适应性饲养7d后,被随机分为2组：正常对照组(MC组,24只,生理盐水)和炎症对照组(IC组,48只,1×10¹⁰CFU/mL灌胃鼠类柠檬酸杆菌),7d后各采12只小鼠,通过结肠组织HE染色和炎症因子检测实验,判断炎症模型建成。原MC组(剩下12只小鼠)更名为NC组,用以区别建模前后的正常对照组,IC组随机分成3组：自然恢复组(IR组,12只,生理盐水)、环丙沙星组(CF组,12只,4mg/mL环丙沙星)和粪肠球菌MG 2108组(EF组,12只,1×10⁸CFU/mL粪肠球菌MG 2108)。18d后结束灌胃,所有小鼠麻醉后眼球取血,解剖。【结果】粪肠球菌MG 2108可以缓解和修复鼠类柠檬酸杆菌引发的小鼠结肠和肝脏损伤,并且通过降低炎症细胞因子的表达水平和增加紧密连接蛋白的表达水平,促进了结肠炎症组织的修复。它改变了肠道微生物菌群结构,EF组的肠杆菌属(Enterorhabdus)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等有益菌群的丰度增加,同时短链脂肪酸也显著增加(P<0.05),并且优于CF组和IR组。【结论】粪肠球菌MG2108是一株有利于肠道健康的益生菌,治疗鼠类柠檬酸杆菌诱导的小鼠结肠炎效果优于环丙沙星,自然恢复组效果明显差于EF组。     

Correction to: Role of HMGB1 in TNF-α Combined with Z-VAD-fmk-Induced L929 Cells Necroptosis

Biochemical Genetics -     

一株高产洛伐他汀红曲霉的筛选与液态发酵条件优化

【背景】洛伐他汀(lovastatin)是红曲霉的次生代谢产物,是重要的临床用降血脂药物。在液态发酵条件下,红曲霉的洛伐他汀产量较低,难以满足工业化生产的要求。【目的】筛选获得一株高产洛伐他汀的红曲霉株,并通过优化液态发酵条件提高洛伐他汀的产量。【方法】从红曲米中筛选获得一株高产洛伐他汀的红曲霉株,依据形态学特征、生理生化特性及18S rRNA基因序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定;通过响应面法对其产洛伐他汀的液态发酵条件进行优化。【结果】获得一株产洛伐他汀的紫红曲霉(Monascus purpureus M4),该菌在甘油57.80g/L、酵母浸粉5.52 g/L、接种量为6.90%条件下,洛伐他汀产量(173.60 mg/L)较优化前提高了4.8倍。【结论】菌株M4产洛伐他汀最优液态发酵条件的建立,为洛伐他汀的大规模生产及该菌株的工业化应用提供了技术支撑。     

海南近海水域产碱性蛋白酶菌株的分离筛选及发酵条件优化

【背景】微生物蛋白酶在工业生物技术上具有广阔的应用前景。在微生物蛋白酶中,碱性蛋白酶占全球酶总产量的50%以上,获取产碱性蛋白酶的新微生物资源意义重要。【目的】在海南近海贝类养殖基地海泥中筛选获得高产碱性蛋白酶的菌株,对其生长特性进行探究并优化菌株产酶条件,获得新的蛋白酶生产资源。【方法】以酪素培养基为筛选培养基,采用形态学结合系统发育分析鉴定菌株,通过响应面实验优化菌株的产酶条件。【结果】筛选获得一株高产碱性蛋白酶的菌株F3,鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。菌株在最优产酶条件下发酵酶活达到（339.36±4.30） U/mL。【结论】筛选获得的菌株粘质沙雷氏菌F3有较好的产碱性蛋白酶的能力。     

Association of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 promoter methylation with esophageal cancer in peripheral blood

Molecular Biology Reports - The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has an important role in many cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC). IGF-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is one of...