全文获取类型
收费全文 | 125370篇 |
免费 | 9954篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1112篇 |
2019年 | 1006篇 |
2018年 | 1825篇 |
2017年 | 1675篇 |
2016年 | 2603篇 |
2015年 | 3294篇 |
2014年 | 3636篇 |
2013年 | 5070篇 |
2012年 | 5880篇 |
2011年 | 5548篇 |
2010年 | 3715篇 |
2009年 | 3082篇 |
2008年 | 4836篇 |
2007年 | 4683篇 |
2006年 | 4622篇 |
2005年 | 4187篇 |
2004年 | 4161篇 |
2003年 | 3940篇 |
2002年 | 3682篇 |
2001年 | 5004篇 |
2000年 | 4875篇 |
1999年 | 3600篇 |
1998年 | 1245篇 |
1997年 | 1148篇 |
1996年 | 1052篇 |
1995年 | 988篇 |
1994年 | 944篇 |
1993年 | 943篇 |
1992年 | 2569篇 |
1991年 | 2563篇 |
1990年 | 2554篇 |
1989年 | 2291篇 |
1988年 | 2124篇 |
1987年 | 2024篇 |
1986年 | 1876篇 |
1985年 | 1894篇 |
1984年 | 1589篇 |
1983年 | 1349篇 |
1982年 | 999篇 |
1979年 | 1482篇 |
1978年 | 1166篇 |
1977年 | 1054篇 |
1976年 | 1030篇 |
1975年 | 1199篇 |
1974年 | 1296篇 |
1973年 | 1369篇 |
1972年 | 1205篇 |
1971年 | 1059篇 |
1970年 | 936篇 |
1969年 | 964篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
H A Hansson A Nilsson J Isgaard H Billig O Isaksson A Skottner I K Andersson B Rozell 《Histochemistry》1988,89(4):403-410
Rabbit antisera against native human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; somatomedin C) or a synthetic tetradecapeptide, representing the carboxyterminal amino acids 57-70 of human IGF-I, were used to map immunohistochemically the distribution of IGF-I immunoreactive material in adult rats. Both antisera were specific for IGF-I, as characterized by immunoabsorption, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay. There was no cross-reactivity to IGF-II, relaxin or pro-insulin; substances having a high degree of structural homology with IGF-I. High IGF-I immunoreactivity was observed in spermatocytes of the testis; in oocytes, granulosa and theca interna cells of the ovary during early stages of follicle development; in some lymphocytes and in reticular cells of lymphoid and hematopoietic organs; in salivary gland duct cells; in the adrenal medulla, the parathyroid gland and the Langerhans' islets. Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and rib growth plates and at articular surfaces showed strong IGF-I immunoreactivity. Brown but not white fat cells were stained. Nerve cells in the peripheral and autonomic nervous system showed faint to intense IGF-I immunoreactivity. In contrast, neurons and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system were generally negative; motor neurons being an exception. Erythropoietic, thrombocytopoietic and myeloic cells in the bone marrow showed IGF-I immunoreactivity, but only at defined developmental stages. Hepatocytes showed faint IGF-I immunoreactivity, but became more intensely stained after pretreatment with colchicine. The present results suggest that IGF-I is synthetized by cells in several tissues and organs in the adult rat. There was an apparent association between the localization of IGF-I and cell differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
Leta O. Helsel William F. Bibb Charles A. Butler Paul S. Hoffman Roger M. Mckinney 《Current microbiology》1988,16(4):201-208
A monoclonal antibody was produced against a cytoplasmic membrane protein that appears to be common to all species of the genusLegionella. The antibody was positive in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with extracts of all of 22 species type strains ofLegionella that were tested. The apparent molecular mass of the protein varied from 57.2 to 62.1 kilodaltons for the 23 species type strains ofLegionella. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with the monoclonal antibody to enable rapid screening of clinical and environmental isolates forLegionella. All of 23 species type strains ofLegionella that were tested were strongly positive with the monoclonal antibody in the ELISA. Among 27 other bacterial species and 84 strains that were tested, onlyBordetella ssp. andAcinetobacter lwoffii were cross-reactive in the ELISA. These two cross-reactive species are readily distinguishable fromLegionella by culture characteristics. The monoclonal antibody may also be useful in tests to detect the genus-wide antigen in body fluids of patients with legionellosis. 相似文献
995.
Cristina Templado Joaquima Navarro Jordi Benet Anna Genescà M. Mar Pérez José Egozcue 《Human genetics》1988,79(1):24-28
Summary Sperm chromosome complements have been studied in a man heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation t(2;5)(p11;q15). Human sperm chromosomes were obtained after fertilization of zona-free hamster eggs. A total of 75 human sperm metaphases were analysed. Of the complements studied, 59 (78.6%) resulted from a 2:2 segregation and 16 (21.3%) from a 3:1 segregation, 4:0 segregation was not observed. Our results indicate that at least 36% of sperm complements were unbalanced with respect to the translocation. The frequency of other chromosome anomalies unrelated to the translocation was 16%. 相似文献
996.
Charles E. Stager Dr. James R. Davis Mario N. Saccomani Corpus O. Ortigoza Reuben D. Wende James W. Raleigh 《Current microbiology》1988,17(5):243-247
Two-hundred and fifteen isolates ofMycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated with the BACTEC 460 radiometric method for susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin (SM); a revised protocol for inoculum preparation was used. Fresh clinical isolates were subcultured into 7H9 broth and then photometrically adjusted to the equivalent of a 0.5 McFarland standard, one-half the recommended inoculum density. This method produced an overall 98.3% correlation with a conventional agar method. The sensitivity of this procedure was good for all drugs tested except for the lowest concentration of SM (2 g/ml). Specificity was excellent for all drugs tested. After repeat testing, only four discrepancies were found, yielding a 99.8% correlation between the two systems. The time required for susceptibility tests averaged 4.6 days. This method for inoculum preparation effectively minimized the number of susceptibility tests exceeding the threshold value before the fourth day of incubation. This allowed for definite trends of the growth index values to become established before interpretation of results. 相似文献
997.
O M Pozdniakov L L Babakova M S Demorzhi 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1988,106(12):746-749
The influence of space flight (on the biosatellite "Kosmos-1667") on muscles (diaphragmatic, soleus, gastrocnemius) was studied by electron microscope. Muscles had destructive and atrophic changes. The rate of changes was maximal in m. soleus, minimal in the diaphragmatic m. However, some regeneration was found demonstrating the reversibility of changes. 相似文献
998.
O V Zhuk N Ia Golovenko V G Zin'kovskii? 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1988,105(5):529-531
The distribution of the minimum effective doses of bicuculline, corasole and picrotoxin was studied in intact mice and in mice administered different doses of 1.4-benzodiazepines (phenazepam and its 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxy derivatives) and sodium barbital. The changes in the "dose-response" relationship for thiosemicarbazide have been observed with the administration of the increasing doses of phenazepam and sodium barbital. The effects registered correspond to the modifications of the GABA-receptor complex by exogenous ligands. The forms of the "dose-response" relationship observed, the types of the antagonism between pharmacological agents and the cooperation of their interaction correspond to the indices obtained from the "quartet" model of the receptor-channel complex. 相似文献
999.
Since Hopfield published his work on an associative memory model, a large number of works have studied the model from several angles and showed in particular its weaknesses, and presented ways to overcome them. Most of the proposed solutions seem to us however not biologically plausible. In this paper we present a simple statistical analysis of two networks similar to the Hopfield net, and show that the usage of positive feedback enhances the net recognizing capability without jeopardizing the stability. We also describe a layered parallel network composed of modules, each module being a modified Hopfield net. We finally present computer simulation results to support our analytical findings. The most important principles of this network are supported by data from the world of neurobiology. 相似文献
1000.
Marijo G. Kent Robert N. Shoffner Allan Hunter Keith O. Elliston Wesley Schroder Elizabeth Tolley Stephen S. Wachtel 《Human genetics》1988,79(4):321-328
Summary An inherited genetic disorder causes XY embryos of the horse to develop as mares. On the basis of our study of 38 such mares, we have identified four grades or classes of XY sex reversal according to this scheme: class I, nearly normal female, of which some are fertile; class II, female with gonadal dysgenesis, normal mullerian development; calss III, intersex mare with gonadal dysgenesis, abnormal mullerian development, enlarged clitoris; class IV, virilized intersex characterized by high levels of testosterone. In general, class I and calss II mares were typed H-Y antigen-negative whereas class III and class IV mares were typed H-Y antigen-positive. 相似文献