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151.
152.
Obesity and Age‐Related Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Across Four Generations
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153.
Camille M. Fung Jessica R. White Ashley S. Brown Huiyu Gong J?rn-Hendrik Weitkamp Mark R. Frey Steven J. McElroy 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at increased risk for neonatal and lifelong morbidities affecting multiple organ systems including the intestinal tract. The underlying mechanisms for the risk to the intestine remain poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that IUGR affects the development of goblet and Paneth cell lineages, thus compromising the innate immunity and barrier functions of the epithelium. Using a mouse model of maternal thromboxane A2-analog infusion to elicit maternal hypertension and resultant IUGR, we tested whether IUGR alters ileal maturation and specifically disrupts mucus-producing goblet and antimicrobial-secreting Paneth cell development. We measured body weights, ileal weights and ileal lengths from birth to postnatal day (P) 56. We also determined the abundance of goblet and Paneth cells and their mRNA products, localization of cellular tight junctions, cell proliferation, and apoptosis to interrogate cellular homeostasis. Comparison of the murine findings with human IUGR ileum allowed us to verify observed changes in the mouse were relevant to clinical IUGR. At P14 IUGR mice had decreased ileal lengths, fewer goblet and Paneth cells, reductions in Paneth cell specific mRNAs, and decreased cell proliferation. These findings positively correlated with severity of IUGR. Furthermore, the decrease in murine Paneth cells was also seen in human IUGR ileum. IUGR disrupts the normal trajectory of ileal development, particularly affecting the composition and secretory products of the epithelial surface of the intestine. We speculate that this abnormal intestinal development may constitute an inherent “first hit”, rendering IUGR intestine susceptible to further injury, infection, or inflammation. 相似文献
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Jared M. Baeten Renee Heffron Lara Kidoguchi Nelly R. Mugo Elly Katabira Elizabeth A. Bukusi Stephen Asiimwe Jessica E. Haberer Jennifer Morton Kenneth Ngure Nulu Bulya Josephine Odoyo Edna Tindimwebwa Craig Hendrix Mark A. Marzinke Norma C. Ware Monique A. Wyatt Susan Morrison Harald Haugen Andrew Mujugira Deborah Donnell Connie Celum Partners Demonstration Project Team 《PLoS medicine》2016,13(8)
BackgroundAntiretroviral-based interventions for HIV-1 prevention, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected persons and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the susceptibility of HIV-1 uninfected persons, showed high efficacy for HIV-1 protection in randomized clinical trials. We conducted a prospective implementation study to understand the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in delivery settings.ConclusionsIntegrated delivery of time-limited PrEP until sustained ART use in African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples was feasible, demonstrated high uptake and adherence, and resulted in near elimination of HIV-1 transmission, with an observed HIV incidence of <0.5% per year compared to an expected incidence of >5% per year. 相似文献
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Development and validation of a new dynamic computer‐controlled model of the human stomach and small intestine
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160.
Wendling Marina Büchi Lucie Amossé Camille Sinaj Sokrat Walter Achim Charles Raphaël 《Plant and Soil》2016,403(1-2):419-435
Plant and Soil - The objectives of this study were to determine the spatial structure of soil respiration (Rs) in a naturally-regenerated longleaf pine forest and to assess the ecological factors... 相似文献