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Roberto De Giorgio Maurizio Mazzoni Claudia Vallorani Rocco Latorre Cristiano Bombardi Maria Laura Bacci Monica Forni Mirella Falconi Catia Sternini Paolo Clavenzani 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
BackgroundThe expression of taste receptors (TASRs) and their signalling molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells, including enteroendocrine cells (EECs), suggests they participate in chemosensing mechanisms influencing GI physiology via the release of endocrine messengers. TASRs mediate gustatory signalling by interacting with different transducers, including α-gustducin (Gαgust) and α-transducin (Gαtran) G protein subunits. This study tested whether Gαtran and Gαgust immunoreactive (-IR) cells are affected by a short-term (3 days) and long-term (30 days) high protein (Hp) diet in the pig GI tract.ResultIn the stomach, Gαgust and Gαtran-IR cells contained serotonin (5-HT) and ghrelin (GHR), while in the small and large intestine, Gαgust and Gαtran-IR colocalized with 5-HT-, cholecystokinin (CCK)- and peptide YY (PYY)-IR. There was a significant increase in the density of Gαtran-IR cells in the pyloric mucosa in both short- and long-term Hp diet groups (Hp3 and Hp30) vs. the control group (Ctr) (P<0.05), while the increase of Gαgust-IR cells in the pyloric mucosa was significant in Hp30 group vs. Ctr and vs. Hp3 (P<0.05); these cells included Gαtran / 5HT-IR and Gαtran / GHR-IR cells (P<0.05 and P<0.001 vs. Ctr, respectively) as well as Gαgust /5-HT-IR or Gαgust / GHR-IR cells (P<0.05 and P<0.01 vs. Ctr, respectively). In the small intestine, we recorded a significant increase in Gαtran-IR cells in the duodenal crypts and a significant increase of Gαgust-IR cells in the jejunal crypts in Hp3 group compared to HP30 (P<0.05). With regard to the number of Gαtran-Gαgust IR cells colocalized with CCK or 5-HT, there was only a significant increase of Gαtran / CCK-IR cells in Hp3 group compared to Ctr (P = 0.01).ConclusionThis study showed an upregulation of selected subpopulations of Gαgust / Gαtran-IR cells in distinct regions of the pig GI tract by short- and long-term Hp diet lending support to TASR-mediated effects in metabolic homeostasis and satiety mechanisms. 相似文献
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Daniel Maximo Correa Alcantara Camila Silveira Souza Gustavo Graciolli Silvio Shigueo Nihei 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2016,51(3):235-238
The selection of roosts is considered a critical factor to the survival of Noctilio albiventris. Thus, we located and identified N. albiventris day roosts in the Pantanal, near the Miranda River. We identified four species of tree: Banara arguta, Inga vera, Ocotea diospyrifolia and Vitex cymosa. Additional studies are important to understand the impact of specific requirements in the selection of roosts for Noctilio albiventris and to compare the observed patterns in different environments. 相似文献
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Vera Lucia Portal Melissa Medeiros Markoski Alexandre Schaan de Quadros Sílvia Garofallo Julia Lorenzon dos Santos Aline Oliveira Camila Wechenfelder Viviane Paiva de Campos Priscilla Azambuja Lopes de Souza Luana Machado Aline Marcadenti 《Trials》2016,17(1)
BackgroundCardiovascular disease has become a major health problem, and it has been associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Studies have shown that the Mediterranean Diet (MeDiet), or its components such as nuts and olive oil, may be strongly associated with the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in specific populations. The purpose of the GENUTRI study is to investigate the interaction of genetics with cardiovascular risk factors in a non-Mediterranean population with coronary artery disease (CAD) according to three different diets: rich in pecan nuts, in extra-virgin olive oil or a control diet.Methods/designThe GENUTRI study is a single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, 12-week pragmatic clinical trial conducted in patients aged 40 to 80 years and diagnosed with CAD. A standardized questionnaire will be applied to data collection and a blood sample will be obtained for lipid, glycemic and inflammatory profile evaluation. Polymorphisms in the CD36 and STAT3 genes will be detected using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Patients will be allocated in three groups: group 1: 30 g/day of pecan nuts; group 2: 30 ml/day of olive oil; and group 3: control diet. The primary outcome will consist of changes in LDL-cholesterol (in mg/dl) after 12 weeks of intervention.DiscussionStudies have shown the beneficial effects of diets rich in nuts and olive oil mainly in the Mediterranean population. GENUTRI is a clinical trial focusing on the effects of nuts or olive oil supplementation in Brazilian individuals. Additionally, we will try to demonstrate that genetic polymorphisms linked to cardiovascular disease may modulate the effects of different diets on biochemical and inflammatory markers among these subjects.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: (registered on 18 July 2014: first version). NCT02202265相似文献45.
Trichoderma aureoviride URM 5158 and Trichoderma hamatum URM 6656 are Biocontrol Agents that act against Cassava Root rot through different Mechanisms
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José Aldo Teixeira da Silva Erika Valente de Medeiros Jéssica Morais da Silva Dyana de A. Tenório Keila Aparecida Moreira Talita Camila Evaristo da Silva Nascimento Cristina Souza‐Motta 《Journal of Phytopathology》2016,164(11-12):1003-1011
Trichoderma has been used to manage a large number of pathogens, but there is a gap in the mechanisms used by these biocontrol agents regarding the physiological response of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta) when it is subjected to cassava root rot. The aims of this study were to investigate the antagonist activity of ten Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium solani on potato dextrose Agar (PDA), to quantify the chitinase production, to select and test in vivo the best isolate from each experiment and to assess the physiological response of cassava to the production of oxidative enzyme complex production (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). All Trichoderma isolates have shown competitive capability against F. solani, and Trichoderma hamatum URM 6656 showed the highest inhibition of pathogen growth (88.91%). All isolates have shown chitinase activity, but Trichoderma aureoviride URM 5158 produced the highest amount of chitinase. T. hamatum URM 6656 and T. aureoviride URM 5158 were selected to be applied in vivo. The two Trichoderma strains reduced 64 and 60% of the disease severity in the shoot and 82 and 84% in the root. Cassava plants infected with Trichoderma have shown the highest peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase production. Our results have indicated that T. aureoviride URM 5158 is an effective biocontrol agent against cassava root rot caused by F. solani, because it presented competitive antagonist capability in vitro, the highest chitinase production, and reduced the cassava root rot severity. The application of T. aureoviride has led to the maximum enzyme activity of reactive oxygen species group in cassava plants. 相似文献
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Susan K. Boehlein Peng Liu Ashley Webster Camila Ribeiro Masaharu Suzuki Shan Wu Jiahn‐Chou Guan Jon D. Stewart William F. Tracy A. Mark Settles Donald R. McCarty Karen E. Koch Larkin C. Hannah Tracie A. Hennen‐Bierwagen Alan M. Myers 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,99(1):23-40
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Guillaume Lentendu Paulo Roberto Bressan Buosi Adalgisa Fernada Cabral Bianca Trevizan Segvia Bianca Ramos Meira Fernando Miranda Lansac‐Tha Luiz Felipe Machado Velho Camila D. Ritter Micah Dunthorn 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2019,66(4):592-599
The biodiversity and biogeography of protists inhabiting many ecosystems have been intensely studied using different sequencing approaches, but tropical ecosystems are relatively under‐studied. Here, we sampled planktonic waters from 32 lakes associated with four different river–floodplains systems in Brazil, and sequenced the DNA using a metabarcoding approach with general eukaryotic primers. The lakes were dominated by the largely free‐living Discoba (mostly the Euglenida), Ciliophora, and Ochrophyta. There was low community similarity between lakes even within the same river–floodplain. The protists inhabiting these floodplain systems comprise part of the large and relatively undiscovered diversity in the tropics. 相似文献
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Adela Martin‐Vicente Ana Camila Oliveira Souza Qusai Al Abdallah Wenbo Ge Jarrod R. Fortwendel 《Cellular microbiology》2019,21(6)
Proper hyphal morphogenesis is essential for the establishment and progression of invasive disease caused by filamentous fungi. In the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, signalling cascades driven by Ras and Ras‐like proteins orchestrate a wide variety of cellular processes required for hyphal growth. For activation, these proteins require interactions with Ras‐subfamily‐specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RasGEFs). Although Ras‐protein networks are essential for virulence in all pathogenic fungi, the importance of RasGEF proteins is largely unexplored. A. fumigatus encodes four putative RasGEFs that represent three separate classes of RasGEF proteins (SH3‐, Ras guanyl nucleotide‐releasing protein [RasGRP]–, and LTE‐class), each with fungus‐specific attributes. Here, we show that the SH3‐class and RasGRP‐class RasGEFs are required for properly timed polarity establishment during early growth and branch emergence as well as for cell wall stability. Further, we show that SH3‐class RasGEF activity is essential for polarity establishment and maintenance, a phenotype that is, at least, partially independent of the major A. fumigatus Ras proteins, RasA and RasB. Finally, loss of both SH3‐class RasGEFs resulted in avirulence in multiple models of invasive aspergillosis. Together, our findings suggest that RasGEF activity is essential for the integration of multiple signalling networks to drive invasive growth in A. fumigatus. 相似文献
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Valcilaine T. Barbosa Joyelanne K. C. Souza Valter Alvino Mario R. Meneghetti Pedro P. Florez-Rodriguez Rui E. Moreira Gustavo V. B. Paulino Melissa F. Landell Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior Ticiano G. do Nascimento Luciano A. M. Grillo Camila B. Dornelas 《Biotechnology progress》2019,35(6):e2888
Biological methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles through materials such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and propolis due to their reducing properties, stabilizer role and environmentally friendly characteristic. Considering the antimicrobial activity of propolis as well as the broad-spectrum antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles, this study aim to describe the use of Brazilian propolis to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNP-P) and investigate its antimicrobial activity. The synthesis was optimized by factorial design, choosing the best conditions for smaller size particles. AgNP-P demonstrated a maximum absorbance at 412 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectra, which indicated a spherical format and its formation. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated a hydrodynamic size of 109 nm and polydispersity index less than 0.3, showing a good size distribution and stability. After its purification via centrifugation, microscopy analysis corroborates the format and showed the presence of propolis around silver nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction peaks were attributed to the main planes of the metallic silver crystalline structure; meanwhile infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the main groups responsible for silver reduction, represented by ∼22% of AgNP-P indicates by thermal analysis. Our product revealed an important antimicrobial activity indicating a synergism between propolis and silver nanoparticles as expected and promising to be an effective antimicrobial product to be used in infections. 相似文献