Chemical and Physical Factors Influencing Growth of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae on Vegetable Oils

Factors influencing the growth of Phytophthora parasition var. nicotiona on vegetable oil liquid media were studied. This fungus grew poorly on oleic acid, triolein, and tristearin. Cholesterol and α-tocopherol reversed the toxicity of oleic acid. Growth was often stimulated by addition of mineral oil to a glucose medium, and sterols dissolved in mineral oil frequently stimulated grwoth. Shaking produced a 5-fold or more increase in growth on either glucose or cottonseed oil media. Cholesterol (20 μ/ml further increased growth on glucose meidum in shake culture by at least 100%. Growth was usually better at pH 6.7 than at 5.4 or 7.7. Growth in shake culture on a glucose medium supplemented with cholesterol and α-tocopherol approached that occuring on vegetable oil media.     

Genetic aspects of wheat gliadin proteins

Inheritance of gliadin components unique to three different varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in F₁ and F₂ seeds of intervarietal crosses using protein patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in aluminum lactate buffer (pH 3.2). The patterns of F₁ seeds of the crosses Cheyenne × Justin and INIA 66R × Justin evidenced all the bands present in the patterns of the parents; band intensities reflected gene dosage levels dependent on whether the contributing parent was maternal or paternal in accordance with the triploid nature of endosperm tissue. Most of the gliadin components examined segregated in accordance with control by a single dominant gene, but in two instances single bands in the one-dimensional electrophoretic patterns segregated in the F₂ as expected if controlled by two genes. A method of two-dimensional electrophoresis was developed that resolved these apparently single bands into two components each, which could segregate independently. Linkage analysis provided evidence of codominant alleles and closely linked genes coding for gliadin protein components in both coupling and repulsion situations. The gliadin protein components seem to be coded for by clusters of genes located on chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 in hexaploid wheats.Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.     

Chemical volatilization as a technique for the detection of extraterrestrial biopolymers and possible metabolic products

The utility of wet chemical reaction sequences, suitable for automation and telemetered control, as a means of detecting biopolymers is explored and its potential assessed with respect to extraterrestrial life detection. A variety of depolymerisation reagents and derivatisation are examined. Additionally, the importance of detecting carbon-either inorganic or organic — is discussed and the relevance of this approach to the detection and indentificaton or inorganic carbon via reactor head space analysis is discussed. Lunar Science Institute Contribution.     

Contemporary chinese sex symbols in dreams.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 20(3) of Dreaming (see record 2010-17362-003). The publishing year of the article in the correction notice was listed incorrectly as 2009. The correct publication year for the original article is 2010. The word were was also misspelled in the body of the correction as where.] [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 20(2) of Dreaming (see record 2010-12874-005). Three Chinese characters where printed incorrectly in the article. The correct symbols are shown along with the location of each in the original article. An error is also located on page 26, 3rd paragraph from the top, second symbol in the third sentence from the bottom of the paragraph. On page 28, 1st paragraph, the 1st symbol in line 7 of the paragraph is incorrect. The last error is on page 28, in which the 1st paragraph, 1st symbol in the last line of the paragraph is incorrect.] The present study aimed to determine how often Chinese people dream of sexual metaphors and to examine the association between the dreaming of sexual experiences and contemporary Chinese sex symbols. A list of sex symbols was derived from a thorough review of the sexual analogies that Chinese people most often use in slang language. This list, together with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised–Short Form, was administrated to a sample of 608 upper-secondary school graduates from Hong Kong. It was found that the participants rarely dreamed about food analogies for sex, such as “eating litchis” and “bananas or banana-like objects.” By contrast, sex symbols involving weapons and aggressive behavior, such as “knives, swords, or daggers” and “shooting,” occurred in dreams with moderate prevalence rates. Moreover, gender, the frequency of dreaming sexual experiences, and social desirability significantly predicted the frequency scores on the scale formed by these aggressive symbols for sex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Family Structure as a Correlate of Organized Sport Participation among Youth

Organized sport is one way that youth participate in physical activity. There are disparities in organized sport participation by family-related factors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-traditional family structure and physical custody arrangements are associated with organized sport participation in youth, and if so whether this relationship is mediated by socioeconomic status. Data were from the 2009–10 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey, a nationally representative cross-section of Canadian youth in grades 6–10 (N = 21,201). Information on family structure was derived from three survey items that asked participants the number of adults they lived with, their relationship to these adults, and if applicable, how often they visited another parent outside their home. Participants were asked whether or not they were currently involved in an organized sport. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of organized sport participation according to family structure. Bootstrap-based mediation analysis was used to assess mediation by perceived family wealth. The results indicated that by comparison to traditional families, boys and girls from reconstituted families with irregular visitation of a second parent, reconstituted families with regular visitation of a second parent, single-parent families with irregular visitation of a second parent, and single-parent families with regular visitation of a second parent were less likely to participate in organized sport than those from traditional families, with odds ratios ranging from 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.38–0.61) to 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.08). The relationship between family structure and organized sport was significantly mediated by perceived family wealth, although the magnitude of the mediation was modest (ie, <20% change in effect estimate). In conclusion, youth living in both single-parent and reconstituted families experienced significant disparities in organized sport participation that was partially mediated by perceived family wealth.