复方斑蝥胶囊联合放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效分析

摘要目的：观察复方斑蝥胶囊联合放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床效果及不良反应。方法：将2007年6月至2010年12月来我科就诊的120例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期低分化鳞状细胞鼻咽癌伴有颈淋巴结转移的患者随机分为复方斑蝥胶囊辅助放疗组、甘氨双唑钠辅助放疗组（阳性对照组）和单纯放疗组（阴性对照组）,每组各40例,比较治疗后各组患者的治疗效果和不良反应。结果：各组患者在接受相同放射疗程的情况下,复方盥蝥胶囊辅助放疗组和甘氨双唑钠辅助放疗组的治疗总有效率均明显优于单纯放疗组（P〈0．05）,但复方斑蝥胶囊辅助放疗组与甘氨双唑钠辅助放疗组比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。复方斑蝥胶囊辅助放疗组皮肤反应的发生率明显低于单纯放疗组（P〈O．05）;皮肤反应、黏膜反应、口腔溃疡和心电图异常的发生率均明显低于甘氨双唑钠辅助放疗组（P〈O．05）,但两组恶心呕吐的发生率比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：复方斑蝥胶囊辅助治疗可显著提高放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效,且无明显毒副作用,值得临床推广应用。     

犬蝠夜栖息地及夜栖息巢特征的初步研究

<正>大多数种类的蝙蝠不会整个晚上都进行觅食,通常在觅食期间有一段长短不一的时间停留在临时地休息,此为夜栖息行为(Hatfield,1937;Krutzsch,1954;Barbour and Davis,1969;Kunz,1973,1974;Hirshfeld et al.,1977)。蝙蝠在夜栖息地进食(Vaughan,1976;Funakoshi and Maeda,2003)、休息并消化食物(Brigham,1991;Funakoshi and Maeda,2003),甚至社会交流(Kunz,1982;Kunz and Lumsden,2003)。不同种类的蝙蝠     

低剂量胸部CT自动管电流调节技术在超重体型患者检查中的可行性研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT自动管电流调节技术（CAREDose4D）在超重体型患者检查中的可行性。方法：收集行胸部CT检查的超重体型患者（BMI值于24-27．9之间）100例,扫描分低剂量组（A组）和常规剂量组（B组）,其中A组扫描运用CAREDose4D技术自动调节管电流;B组扫描运用常规剂量管电流为70mAs扫描。扫描完成后记录加权CT剂量指数（CTDlvol）、有效mAs值、剂量长度乘积（DLP）,计算出有效剂量（ED）及剂量减低比值（DR）,并比较两组的剂量及图像质量。结果：与B组相比,A组常规扫描辐射剂量显著降低,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）,A组剂量减低比值（DR）降低约20．84％,而图像质量无明显下降,不影响诊断,在主动脉弓上4cm（肺尖）层面A组图像质量优于B组,差异有统计学意义（x^2=8．442,P=0．015）。结论：自动管电流调节技术既可以减少患者的辐射剂量,对待超重体型患者个体化、人性化,又不影响影像诊断,是一项有价值的检查方法。     

蜱传脑炎病毒TBE-E-D3抗原的原核表达纯化及ELISA方法鉴定

目的:构建蜱传脑炎病毒TBE-E-D3抗原的融合蛋白原核表达质粒GSTpET-30a(+)/TBE-E-D3,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达并用亲和层析法纯化,以获得特异性诊断抗原。方法:根据目的基因序列设计PCR引物,利用基因克隆技术构建重组质粒,转入大肠杆菌DH5α后经酶切鉴定,将测序正确的重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后进行亲和层析法纯化,SDS-PAGE分析其表达情况和纯度,间接ELISA法鉴定重组蛋白的特异性和灵敏度。结果:TBE-E-D3基因目的片段以正确的读框插入载体GSTpET-30a(+),通过IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌中正确表达,亲和纯化得到较高纯度的蛋白质;间接ELISA法证明抗原特异性和灵敏度良好,送检的15份阳性患者血清样本中检出10份阳性结果,40份健康人血清样本中检出1份假阳性结果。结论:获得的His-TBE-E-D3融合蛋白具有良好的抗原性,可作为森林脑炎病毒特异性血清学诊断的备选抗原之一。     

RAPD AS A RAPID METHOD FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTING IN THE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

The application of RAPD as a rapid tool for quality assurance testing in the food microbiology laboratory is discussed in this paper, using Vibrio cholerae as a specific case study. Nine V. cholerae strains isolated during a one month period from environmental, seafood and shellfish samples were typed using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Using this technique, distinct DNA fingerprint patterns were generated for all 9 strains tested. A particular 80% GC-content RAPD primer, VC80-10, was evaluated for its possible use in the differentiation among V. cholerae strains. Although the results presented are only very preliminary observations, it is shown that it is possible to use RAPD as an additional tool for quality assurance testing in the food microbiology laboratory, albeit only in a rather limited capacity.     

Comparing genetic variants detected in the 1000 genomes project with SNPs determined by the International HapMap Consortium

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) determined based on SNP arrays from the international HapMap consortium (HapMap) and the genetic variants detected in the 1000 genomes project (1KGP) can serve as two references for genomewide association studies (GWAS). We conducted comparative analyses to provide a means for assessing concerns regarding SNP array-based GWAS findings as well as for realistically bounding expectations for next generation sequencing (NGS)-based GWAS. We calculated and compared base composition, transitions to transversions ratio, minor allele frequency and heterozygous rate for SNPs from HapMap and 1KGP for the 622 common individuals. We analysed the genotype discordance between HapMap and 1KGP to assess consistency in the SNPs from the two references. In 1KGP, 90.58% of 36,817,799 SNPs detected were not measured in HapMap. More SNPs with minor allele frequencies less than 0.01 were found in 1KGP than HapMap. The two references have low discordance (generally smaller than 0.02) in genotypes of common SNPs, with most discordance from heterozygous SNPs. Our study demonstrated that SNP array-based GWAS findings were reliable and useful, although only a small portion of genetic variances were explained. NGS can detect not only common but also rare variants, supporting the expectation that NGS-based GWAS will be able to incorporate a much larger portion of genetic variance than SNP arrays-based GWAS.     

人谷氨酰胺:6-磷酸果糖酰胺转移酶的体外表达、纯化及活性检测

目的:制备重组谷氨酰胺∶6-磷酸果糖酰胺转移酶(GFAT),检测其活性。方法:利用RT-PCR扩增人肝脏cDNA中GFAT1基因全长片段,克隆到表达载体pET32b中;在大肠杆菌Origami(DE3)中诱导表达,用镍离子螯合柱(Ni-NTA)纯化重组GFAT1;用体外酶学的方法检测GFAT的活性。结果:构建了pET32b-GFAT1质粒,经诱导表达及纯化,得到具有一定生物活性的GFAT。结论:利用原核表达系统可得到具有良好生物学活性的重组人GFAT1。     

神经元限制性沉默因子在NTera2/CloneD1细胞向神经元分化模型中表达的检测

目的:建立NTera2/CloneD1细胞向神经元分化的模型,检测神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)经分化培养基诱导后表达的变化。方法:收集正常培养的NTera2/CloneD1细胞及经全反式维甲酸(RA)、阿糖胞苷(AraC)、尿苷分阶段诱导共28 d的细胞,显微镜下观察诱导前后细胞的形态学变化;免疫荧光法检测NTera2/CloneD1细胞诱导前后干性标志Nestin、Sox2和成熟神经元特异性标志NF-200、β-tubulinⅢ的表达情况;应用RT-PCR和免疫荧光法对NRSF进行mRNA和蛋白水平的检测。结果:显微镜下观察到正常培养的NTera2/CloneD1细胞呈克隆样生长,经分化培养基诱导后的NTera2/CloneD1细胞表现出典型的神经元样细胞形态。免疫荧光检测表明,未诱导的NTera2/CloneD1细胞表达神经干细胞的标志Sox2、Nestin,不表达成熟神经元特异性蛋白NF-200、β-tubulinⅢ;而经RA等诱导分化的细胞则不表达Sox2、Nestin,表达NF-200、β-tubulinⅢ。RT-PCR和免疫荧光检测显示,NRSF在诱导分化后的NTera2/CloneD1细胞中的表达量显著降低。结论:建立了NTera2/CloneD1细胞向神经元分化的模型,NRSF在诱导后的NTera2/CloneD1细胞中表达量显著下调,提示NTera2/CloneD1细胞在诱导过程中可能通过下调NRSF,使受到NRSF负性调控的神经元特异性蛋白启动表达并上调,进而实现NTera2/CloneD1细胞向神经元的定向分化。     

Symbiosome-like intracellular colonization of cereals and other crop plants by nitrogen-fixing bacteria for reduced inputs of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers

It has been forecast that the challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in maize, rice and wheat cropping systems, and that the problem of environmental nitrogen enrichment is most likely to be solved by substituting synthetic nitrogen fertilizers by the creation of cereal crops that are able to fix nitrogen symbiotically as legumes do. In legumes, rhizobia present intracellularly in membrane-bound vesicular compartments in the cytoplasm of nodule cells fix nitrogen endosymbiotically. Within these symbiosomes, membrane-bound vesicular compartments, rhizobia are supplied with energy derived from plant photosynthates and in return supply the plant with biologically fixed nitrogen, usually as ammonia. This minimizes or eliminates the need for inputs of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Recently we have demonstrated, using novel inoculation conditions with very low numbers of bacteria, that cells of root meristems of maize, rice, wheat and other major non-legume crops, such as oilseed rape and tomato, can be intracellularly colonized by the non-rhizobial, non-nodulating, nitrogen fixing bacterium, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus that naturally occurs in sugarcane. G. diazotrophicus expressing nitrogen fixing (nifH) genes is present in symbiosome-like compartments in the cytoplasm of cells of the root meristems of the target cereals and non-legume crop species, somewhat similar to the intracellular symbiosome colonization of legume nodule cells by rhizobia. To obtain an indication of the likelihood of adequate growth and yield, of maize for example, with reduced inputs of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, we are currently determining the extent to which nitrogen fixation, as assessed using various methods, is correlated with the extent of systemic intracellular colonization by G. diazotrophicus, with minimal or zero inputs.     

声触诊组织定量技术鉴别诊断甲状腺微小癌的价值

目的：声触诊组织定量技术（VTQ）是一种新的弹性成像方法,能够定量、无创地评价组织硬度信息。本文的研究目的是探讨声触诊组织定量技术在鉴别诊断甲状腺微小癌（TMCs）中的应用价值。方法：应用VTQ 技术对110 例共114 个结节（最大直径≤1 cm）进行检测,获取并分析结节及周边甲状腺组织的横向剪切波速度（SWV）。利用ROC曲线对测量结果进行分析,评价VTQ技术的诊断价值并确定最佳诊断界值。结果：114 个结节中良性结节32 个（30 个为结节性甲状腺肿,2 个为腺瘤）,恶性结节82 个（均为乳头状癌）。甲状腺良性结节及周边甲状腺组织的SWV 平均值分别为（2.30± 0.49） m/s、（2.08± 0.40） m/s,恶性结节及周边甲状腺组织的SWV 平均值分别为（3.12± 0.97） m/s、（2.06± 0.46） m/s。恶性结节的SWV 值明显高于良性结节,两者之间差异具有统计学意义（t=5.911,P＜0.0001）;恶性结节与其周边甲状腺组织比较有显著差异（P＜0.0001）;而良性结节与其周边甲状腺组织无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。ROC曲线下面积为0.833,以2.30 m/s诊断界值点时,敏感度、特异度分别为90.2%、62.5%。结论：甲状腺恶性结节的SWV 值明显高于良性结节。VTQ 技术能够提供组织硬度信息,在鉴别诊断甲状腺微小癌方面具有一定的临床应用价值。