Aggregation and Sedimentation of Thalassiosira weissflogii (diatom) in a Warmer and More Acidified Future Ocean

Increasing Transparent Exopolymer Particle (TEP) formation during diatom blooms as a result of elevated temperature and pCO₂ have been suggested to result in enhanced aggregation and carbon flux, therewith potentially increasing the sequestration of carbon by the ocean. We present experimental results on TEP and aggregate formation by Thalassiosira weissflogii (diatom) in the presence or absence of bacteria under two temperature and three pCO₂ scenarios. During the aggregation phase of the experiment TEP formation was elevated at the higher temperature (20°C vs. 15°C), as predicted. However, in contrast to expectations based on the established relationship between TEP and aggregation, aggregation rates and sinking velocity of aggregates were depressed in warmer treatments, especially under ocean acidification conditions. If our experimental findings can be extrapolated to natural conditions, they would imply a reduction in carbon flux and potentially reduced carbon sequestration after diatom blooms in the future ocean.     

Basal ganglia hemorrhage in a case report following spinal surgery

Background

Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare but potentially severe complication of spinal surgery. Most reported post-operative ICH cases consist of cerebellar hemorrhage. There are fewer reported cases of supratentorial ICH following spinal surgery.

Case presentation

A 56-year-old woman underwent spinal surgery complicated by bilateral supratentorial intraparenchymal basal ganglia hemorrhage with both intraventricular extension and subarachnoid hemorrhage in both cerebral hemispheres.

Conclusion

The occurrence of neurological deterioration post-operatively following spinal surgery should alert physicians to the possibility of intracranial hemorrhage in order to facilitate rapid and optimal management. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting basal ganglia hemorrhage following spinal surgery. Moreover, consideration should be given to the possibility of this complication prior to recommendation of elective spinal surgery.

     

Design,synthesis and evaluation of potent and selective inhibitors of mono-(ADP-ribosyl)transferases PARP10 and PARP14

A series of diaryl ethers were designed and synthesized to discern the structure activity relationships against the two closely related mono-(ADP-ribosyl)transferases PARP10 and PARP14. Structure activity studies identified 8b as a sub-micromolar inhibitor of PARP10 with?～15-fold selectivity over PARP14. In addition, 8k and 8m were discovered to have sub-micromolar potency against PARP14 and demonstrated moderate selectivity over PARP10. A crystal structure of the complex of PARP14 and 8b shows binding of the compound in a novel hydrophobic pocket and explains both potency and selectivity over other PARP family members. In addition, 8b, 8k and 8m also demonstrate selectivity over PARP1. Together, this study identified novel, potent and metabolically stable derivatives to use as chemical probes for these biologically interesting therapeutic targets.