A random model for mapping imprinted quantitative trait loci in a structured pedigree: an implication for mapping canine hip dysplasia

Genetic imprinting may have played a more notable role in shaping embryonic development of plants, animals, and humans than previously appreciated. Quantitative trait loci that are imprinted (iQTL) exert monoallelic effects, depending on the parent of origin, which is an exception to the laws of Mendelian genetics. In this article, we present a modified random effect-based mapping model to use in a genome-wide scan for the distribution of iQTL that contribute to genetic variance for a complex trait in a structured pedigree. This model, implemented with the maximum likelihood method, capitalizes on a network of relatedness for maternally and paternally derived alleles through identical-by-descent sharing, thus allowing for the discrimination of the genetic variances due to alleles derived from maternal and paternal parents. The model was employed to map iQTL responsible for canine hip dysplasia in a multihierarchical canine pedigree, founded with seven greyhounds and six Labrador retrievers. Of eight significant QTL detected, three, located on CFA1, CFA8, and CF28, were found to trigger significant parent-of-origin effects on the age of femoral capital ossification measured at the left and right hips of a canine. The detected iQTL provide important candidate regions for fine-mapping of imprinted genes and for studying their structure and function in the control of complex traits.     

鱼类肌肉生长抑制素研究进展

肌肉的分化、生长和发育是动物生长发育的重要环节和过程,肌肉也是动物为人类提供的食品的主要成分。肌肉的生长和发育在不同层次受许多因素的影响,如环境(气候、营养等因素) 、激素和分子水平的调控。       

多穗金栗兰中一个新的酚苷

从多穗金粟兰(Chloranthus multistachys)全株的甲醇提取物中分离得到1个新的酚苷,通过波谱技术鉴定其结构为丁香酸-4-O-a-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1).同时还首次从该植物中分离得到两个已知倍半萜内酯和一个已知木脂素:1β,4β-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(2),lβ,4a-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(3),(-)-(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconifery alcohol(4).     

蓝色犁头霉深层发酵产壳低聚糖生长动力学研究

目的:研究蓝色犁头霉产壳低聚糖分批发酵动力学的模型.方法:在10L发酵罐中,将蓝色犁头霉分批发酵培养,对蓝色犁头霉菌丝体生长、产物形成和基质消耗的实验数据进行分析,根据Logistic和Luedeking-Piret方程分别建立蓝色犁头霉发酵过程菌体生长、壳低聚糖生成和基质消耗的动力学数学模型,并利用1stOpt软件对模型参数进行非线性曲线拟合.结果:研究得到了菌体生长、产物合成及基质消耗的动力学模型及参数,模型的拟合度分别为0.994、0.986、0.992.结论:研究表明蓝色犁头霉多糖合成和菌体生长呈生长偶联型,模型计算值与实验值有良好的拟合性,模型准确度较高.     

Differentiating the 2,3-diols of glucopyranosides by 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected-1,2-d-glucopyranosylorthoesters strategy

A facile and efficient method to differentiate the 2,3-diols of glucopyranosides based on 1,2-orthoesters strategy was developed. Stable thioglucosides were employed as the starting materials to prepare the corresponding 1,2-orthoesters. When treated with HCl aqueous solution and followed with Et₃N, differentiation of the 2,3-diols was efficiently achieved along with the generation of a convertible anomeric hydroxyl group. In addition, an easy and practical method based on NOE was proposed to determine whether the 1,2-orthoesters were endo-type or exo-type.     

Origin and domestication history of Peking ducks deltermined through microsatellite and mitochondrial marker analysis

In order to elucidate the domestication history of Peking ducks, 190 blood samples from six Chinese indigenous duck breeds were collected with186 individualsgenotyped by 15 microsatellite markers. Both the F_ST and Nei’s standard genetic distances (D_s) from the microsatellite data indicated high genetic differentiation between Peking duck and other Chinese indigenous breeds. The haplotype network with mtDNA data showed that most of the Peking duck haplotypes were distinctly different from those of other domestic breeds. Although the H01 haplotype was shared by all domesticated duck breeds, Peking ducks displayed 12 specific domestic duck haplotypes, including four similar haplotypes H02, H04, H08 and H22, that formed a single haplogroup (A). Both H02 and H22 haplotypes were also shared by mallard and Peking ducks, indicating that Peking ducks originated from wild mallard ducks.     

A Novel Integrated Method Tor Large-scale Detection,Identification, and Quantification of Widely Targeted Metabolites： Application in the Study of Rice Metabolomics

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）-based metabolomics has been facilitated by the con- struction of MSz spectral tag （MS2T） library from the total scan ESI MS/MS data, and the development of widely targeted metabolomics method using MS/MS data gathered from authentic standards. In this report, a novel strategy called step- wise multiple ion monitoring-enhanced product ions （stepwise MIM-EPI） was developed to construct the MS2T library, in which stepwise MIM was used as survey scans to trigger the acquisition of EPI. A total number of 698 （almost） non- redundant metabolites with MS2 spectra were obtained, of which 135 metabolites were identified/annotated. Integrating the data gathered from our MS2T library and other available multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） information, a widely targeted metabolomics method was developed to quantify 277 metabolites, including some phytohormones. Evaluation of the dehydration responses and natural variations of these metabolites in rice leaf not only suggested the coordinated regulation of abscisic acid （ABA） with metabolites such as serotonin derivative（s）, polyamine conjugates under drought stress, but also revealed some C-glycosylated flavones as the potential markers for the discrimination of indica and japonica rice subspecies. The new MS2T library construction and widely targeted metabolomics strategy could be used as a tool for rice functional genomics.     

3×3完全双列杂交F1不同阶段生长特点的分析

为了了解鲤杂交F1不同组合、不同阶段生长性状的变化情况,研究以建鲤、黄河鲤和黑龙江野鲤3个鲤品种双列杂交F1为试验材料,通过组合、组合内性别间、性别、不同时期体重、体增重以及协方差分量的分析,来确定完全双列杂交F1生长性状的变化特点,以及在此过程中起重要作用的影响因素。结果表明:不同时期各个组合体重不同,不同时期组合内性别间体重差异不同;不同时期不同性别间体重差异不同;不同协方差分量,同一组合PIT标记17个月时的体重的最小二乘估计值不同,同一个协方差分量,9个组合中极值估计值出现的组合也不同;除PIT标记17个月后的体厚作为协方差分量外,性别之间体重没有差异,其余分量均是雌鱼体重显著高于雄鱼体重。这些说明选取合适的协方差分量对组合的选择和育种的结果有重要影响。     

“两广二号”家蚕抗病毒基因Bmlipase-1和BmSP-2克隆与原核表达

本研究以优良杂交品种"两广二号"家蚕为试材,克隆了该杂交品种家蚕两个抗家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因:脂肪酶基因Bmlipase-1和丝氨酸蛋白酶基因BmSP-2,测序并分别与不同品种蚕的同源基因序列进行比较。结果显示,"两广二号"家蚕Bmlipase-1基因ORF长度为885bp,编码294个氨基酸,BmSP-2扩增长度为855bp,编码284个氨基酸;它们的核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性皆达92%以上,Bmlipase-1更保守,同源性大于99%";两广二号"家蚕的Bmlipase-1基因脂肪酶活化部位和BmSP-2基因酶催化三联体位点的氨基酸残基与不同品种蚕的完全相同。以上结果说明这两个抗病毒基因在蚕的遗传进化过程中高度保守,提示其可能在机体消化或者免疫防御方面起着重要生理作用。将这两个抗病毒基因在大肠杆菌BL21中进行融合表达,获得的融合Bmlipase-1和BmSP-2蛋白分子量分别为47kD和42kD左右。     

人小肠三叶因子缺失半胱氨酸57突变体的构建及其生物活性

用 PCR方法构建了一个不能形成二聚体的 C端缺失半胱氨酸 57的 h ITF突变体 .将其克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体 p GEX- 4T- 1中 ,ITPG诱导表达 ,融合蛋白经 Glutathione- Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,凝血酶酶切和 Sephacryl S 1 0 0纯化 ,得到突变体蛋白 .SDS- PAGE,氨基酸组成 ,飞行质谱 ,N端氨基酸序列测定结果与期望值一致 .研究表明突变体的生物学活性有所降低 .对胃蛋白酶作用的稳定性降低 .