The spatial variation of soil bacterial community assembly processes affects the accuracy of source tracking in ten major Chinese cities

Urban soils harbor billions of bacterial cells and millions of species. However, the distribution patterns and assembly processes of bacterial communities remain largely uncharacterized in urban soils. It is also unknown if we can use the bacteria to track soil sources to certain cities and districts. Here, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to survey soil bacterial communities from 529 random plots spanning 61 districts and 10 major cities in China. Over a 3,000 km range, community similarity declined with increasing geographic distance(Mantel r=0.62), and community composition was clustered by city(R~2=0.50). Within cities(100 km), the aforementioned biogeographic patterns were weakened. Process analysis showed that homogenizing dispersal and dispersal limitation dominated soil bacterial assembly at small and large spatial scales, respectively. Accordingly, the probabilities of accurately tracking random soil sources to certain cities and districts were 90.0% and 66.7%, respectively. When the tested samples originated from cities that were more than 1,265 km apart, the soil sources could be identified with nearly 100% accuracy. Overall, this study demonstrates the strong distance-decay relationship and the clear geographic zoning of urban soil bacterial communities among cities. The varied importance of different community assembly processes at multiple spatial scales strongly affects the accuracy of microbial source tracking.     

医学生学习激情现状及影响因素的研究

目的:测量医学生学习激情现状,探索相关人口学变量差异及影响因素作用机制。方法:通过网络问卷对1793名在校医学生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷1218份,应用SPSS22.0软件对数据进行统计处理。结果:测量对象的学习激情处于中等偏上水平(4.37±0.91);学习激情平均得分在性别(F=9.097,P<0.05)、生源地(F=14.850,P<0.05)、独生子女情况(F=5.470,P<0.05)方面的差异有统计学意义;成绩水平(β=0.094,P<0.01)、发展规划(β=0.105,P<0.01)、生活满意度(β=0.213,P<0.01)和活力(β=0.253,P<0.01)对医学生学习激情的影响有统计学意义。结论:医学生学习激情水平在性别、生源地、独生与否方面存在显著差异;成绩水平、发展规划、生活满意度、活力是影响医学生学习激情的因素。     

玉屏风颗粒联合西咪替丁对过敏性紫癜患儿临床疗效及外周血免疫学指标的影响

目的:探讨玉屏风颗粒联合西咪替丁对过敏性紫癜患儿临床疗效及外周血免疫学指标的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年12月我院68例过敏性紫癜患儿为研究对象,根据随机化原则将受试儿进行分组,其中对照组34例患儿仅接受西咪替丁治疗,研究组45例患儿在对照组的基础上口服玉屏风颗粒治疗,比较两组的治疗效果、治疗前后外周血免疫学指标水平变化及用药安全性。结果:研究组临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗前两组各免疫学指标及各炎性因子水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组各免疫学指标及各炎性因子水平较治疗前均明显降低,且研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗期间不良反应发生率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合西咪替丁可有效改善患儿的临床症状及外周血免疫学指标,疗效安全显著,值得在过敏性紫癜患儿治疗中应用及推广。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白通过Wnt5a/PKCδ信号通路诱导大鼠肝星状细胞自噬

该文旨在研究氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)对大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)自噬的影响及机制,探讨非酒精性脂肪肝炎的发病机理。体外培养的HSC-T6细胞以不同质量浓度(0、10、20、40、60μg/mL)的ox-LDL分别处理不同时间(0、3、6、12、24 h)后,用Western blot检测LC3 II、Beclin1、p62的含量。不同质量浓度(0、10、20、40、60μg/mL)的ox-LDL处理HSC-T6细胞12 h后,Western blot检测Wnt5a、p-PKCδ、p-STAT3的含量。将HSC-T6细胞分为对照组(Control)、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+si-NC组和ox-LDL+si-Wnt5a组,经相应处理后用Western blot、qRT-PCR分别检测LC3 II、Beclin1、p62、p-PKCδ、p-STAT3的蛋白和mRNA含量变化;免疫荧光检测LC3 II的变化;油红O染色观察HSC-T6脂滴含量变化;比色法检测各组细胞培养上清中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;ELISA检测细胞培养上清中透明质酸(HA)和层黏连蛋白(LN)含量。PKCδ抑制剂Rottlerin预处理细胞:将HSC-T6细胞分为对照组(Control)、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL+DMSO组和ox-LDL+Rottlerin组,检测方法与敲低Wnt5a一致。经ox-LDL处理后,HSC-T6细胞中LC3 II、Beclin1含量增加(P<0.05),p62含量减少(P<0.01),且在ox-LDL质量浓度为20μg/mL、作用12 h时达到峰值。ox-LDL质量浓度为20μg/mL、作用12 h时,HSC-T6细胞中Wnt5a、p-PKCδ、p-STAT3蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01)。敲低Wnt5a后,HSC-T6细胞中Wnt5a、LC3 II、Beclin1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.001),p62蛋白表达增多(P<0.01),p-PKCδ、p-STAT3蛋白表达减少(P<0.05),细胞内LC3 II点状聚集减少,脂滴含量减少,细胞培养上清中Hyp、HA、LN含量也减少(P<0.05)。抑制PKCδ后,结果与敲低Wnt5a一致。ox-LDL可通过增强Wnt5a/PKCδ通路诱导HSC-T6细胞自噬。     

Molecular deconvolution of the neutralizing antibodies induced by an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine

Dear Editor, The rapid emergence and persistence of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has had enormous impacts on global health and the economy.Effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic,and multiple vaccines have been found to be efficacious in preventing symptomatic COVID-19(Polack et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020;Jones and Roy,2021).We have developed a traditional beta-propiolactone-inacti-vated aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV),which elicited protective immune responses in clinical trials (Wang et al.,2020;Xia et al.,2021).The vaccine has been granted conditional approvals or emergency use authorizations (EUAs) in China and other countries.     

Impact of left atrial appendage location on risk of thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Most strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are thought to arise from thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Assessing the...     

中国外来归化植物的编目现状及有关问题

在简要讨论外来植物相关定义的基础上, 对中国外来归化植物的调查和编目现状进行了概述; 并对近年发表的两篇文章中外来归化植物数据进行了订正。     

酵母PMT1和TED1基因在细胞壁应激反应中的作用

实验室前期研究表明,蛋白质O-甘露糖转移酶1 (Protein O-mannosyltransferase 1,Pmt1p) 和Ted1p（Traffcking of Emp24p/Erv25p-dependent cargo disrupted）在细胞寿命和内质网应激反应方面存在相互调控关系。进一步研究酵母Pmt1p和Ted1p在细胞壁应激反应中（诱导剂为荧光增白剂或刚果红）的作用。观察PMT1基因缺失（pmt1Δ）酵母菌株和TED1基因缺失（ted1Δ）酵母菌株,以及PMT1和TED1双基因缺失（pmt1Δ ted1Δ）酵母菌株在细胞壁应激反应条件下的克隆形成能力和细胞分裂增殖活性;qRT-PCR检测细胞壁应激反应通路中Slt2p、Ssd1p和Mpt5p等效应蛋白的转录水平。结果表明,在细胞壁应激反应条件下,与对照菌株的生长状态比较,pmt1Δ菌株生长缓慢,ted1Δ菌株生长较快;进一步缺失PMT1基因使得ted1Δ菌株生长缓慢。与对照菌株中效应蛋白的转录水平比较,pmt1Δ菌株和pmt1Δted1Δ菌株中SLT2、SSD1和MPT5基因的转录水平明显上调,ted1Δ菌株中的无明显变化;与pmt1Δ菌株比较,pmt1Δted1Δ菌株中SLT2和MPT5表达明显下调,SSD1表达无明显变化。缺失TED1基因增强酵母细胞对细胞壁应激反应的抵抗性;进一步缺失PMT1基因增强ted1Δ菌株对应激反应的敏感性,上调细胞壁应激反应通路中效应蛋白的转录表达水平。     

阿尔茨海默病中β淀粉样蛋白的生成及清除的调节

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease, AD）是一种慢性退行性神经系统疾病,临床主要表现为进行性认知能力下降、记忆力衰退、人格改变等。AD的标志性病理特征包括脑细胞外β淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid protein,Aβ）沉积形成老年斑、细胞内神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFT)、神经炎症增加以及神经元凋亡。β淀粉样蛋白主要在神经元产生,是淀粉样前体蛋白经过一系列酶解反应生成的由39～42个氨基酸组成的多肽,调节Aβ的生成和清除能够有效延缓甚至逆转阿尔茨海默病的进程,因而具有重大的研究价值。β-分泌酶（β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,BACE1）为Aβ产生过程中的关键酶,其含量及活性的改变均能影响Aβ产生,在阿尔茨海默病的发生发展中发挥至关重要的作用;老年斑周围炎性细胞的聚集提示,AD与神经炎症高度相关,神经炎症相关细胞能够参与Aβ的清除,多种炎性因子也能调节Aβ的生成;非编码RNA虽很少直接参与Aβ的产生、沉积和清除,但其可以通过多种途径调节Aβ的产生。本文从β淀粉样蛋白生成及清除的机制着手,重点阐述了BACE1、神经炎症、非编码RNA对Aβ调控的重要作用,以期为AD发病机制的进一步研究提供思路,并对阿尔茨海默病早期干预及治疗提供理论参考。     

bFGF Promotes the Proliferation of Rat Peripheral Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through β-Catenin Signaling

bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF) could promote the proliferation of bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. However, the effect of bFGF on the proliferation of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) needs further research. This study aimed to investigate the role of bFGF on the culture and expansion of PBMSCs in vitro. Firstly, arterial blood was collected from rats abdominal aorta. After mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated with Ficoll separation fluid, MNCs were cultured in the DMEM medium without bFGF (served as control group) or with bFGF (10, 20 ng/mL, served as 10 or 20 ng/mL bFGF group). PBMSCs were obtained by adherent culture method. The third passage of PBMSCs was detected for the MSC surface markers and the effect of bFGF on the cell cycle of PBMSCs using flow cytometry. The effects of bFGF on colony formation, cell growth, and the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p21 and β-catenin were evaluated. PBMSCs showed no difference in morphology among the three groups. PBMSC clonies appeared 14 days after cultivation. Compared with the control group, the cell growth confluence of PBMSCs was obviously increased by 40% and 80% in groups treated with 10 ng/mL bFGF or 20 ng/mL bFGF respectively after culture of 21 days (all P<0.05). Compared with the group treated with 10 ng/mL bFGF, the confluence of PBMSCs in 20 ng/mL group was further increased by 28% (P<0.05). Cells of the third passage were positively stained for CD29 and CD90, while were negative for CD45. These results were consistent with the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs. Compared with the control group, the colony number of PBMSCs in the 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL bFGF groups was increased by 51% (P<0.05) and 92% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with the 10 ng/mL group, the colony number of PBMSCs was further increased in 20 ng/mL group by 14% (P<0.05). The growth curve of PBMSCs showed that after 7 days of culture, the number of PBMSCs in 10 ng/mL bFGF group and 20 ng/mL bFGF group was increased by 41% (P<0.05) and 61% (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, the cell number had a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P<0.05). Results from flow cytometry cell cycle showed that the numbers of PBMSCs in the G1 phase of experimental groups were significantly decreased as the concentration of bFGF increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05), whereas the number of PBMSCs in the S phase was significantly increased (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence experiments showed that, compared with the control group, bFGF significantly promoted the nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin in PBMSCs. Compared with the 10 ng/mL group, the PBMSCs in 20 ng/mL bFGF group showed stronger nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin. Western blot experiments showed that the levels of β-catenin and its target proteins cyclinD1 and cyclinE were significantly increased (all P<0.05), whereas expression of p21 was significantly decreased in PBMSCs in the bFGF groups in a concentration dependent pattern when compared with control group (P<0.05). The study firstly confirms that bFGF promotes the proliferation of PBMSCs by regulating the β-catenin signaling pathway, which may facilitate the aquisition of larger number of PBMSCs for stem cell engineering in vitro.